Journals- Keeping journals is a great way to keep data. Students can also complete student journal entries, which will help then put their daily thoughts and feelings down on paper. Educators can also have class journals implanted into their instruction to keep data.

Existing Documents and Records- Educators may refer back to former documents and records to gather data and information. An example for existing documents would be test scores and grades.

Surveys can be an easy way to gather data. When implenting surveys, educators can use simple questions or more complex ones. These questions can be open-ended, which means that the particpants provide their own responses. The questions may also be close-reponse and the particpants must choose an answer. According to Mertler (2017), surveys are a better means to use where content is considered, where rating scales are good to measure how students feel about a topic or behaviors. There are two types of rating scales to use, a Likert scale, which is an agree or disagree answer basis, or a Likert type scale, which may be of an excellent to poor basis. Which scale to use would be based on what you want to measure and how you want to measure it.

Cheklists are a good way to measure behaviors. Accordng to Mertler (2017), a checklist is a list of certain behaviors or characteristics that an educator would like to measure.

Formative Assessments

Summative Assessments

Standardized test scores are a type of quantitative data that can be used to see where our students are at academically. Standardized tests are a formal type of data. According to Mertler (2017), standardized test scores may also be use as existing records.