This mindmap covers Mendelian genetics - Heredity. It has the following sub - topics covered:
- Introduction to heredity
- Hereditary traits and Genetics
- Monohybrid Inheritance
- Mendel's Monohybrid Experiment
Mendel, on the other hand, thought that heredity was the consequence of distinct units of inheritance, and that each unit (or gene) was autonomous in what it did within a person's genome. This Mendelian idea states that the transmission of these units determines whether a trait will be inherited.
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Mendelian genetics -
Heredity Part II
Introduction to heredity
gene
a section of dna at a specific location on the chromosome
contains information that determines a trait
mendelian trait
single trait determined by 1 gene
somatic cell
any cell in the body apart
from gametes
Gamete
Sex cell
Hereditary traits and Genetics
hereditary trait
characteristic that can be
passed on from one generation to another
examples:
wet or dry earwax
attached / detached earlobe
skin colour
hair colour
eye colour
blood type
face shape
chin shape
ability to roll tongue
Monohybrid Inheritance
inheritance of 1 characteristic with
2 contrasting forms controlled by
a single gene
each gene is made up of a pair of alleles
alleles can be dominant or recessive
homologous chromosomes
exist in pairs where
one chromosome comes from the male parent
one chromosome comes from the female parent
both have the exact
same gene loci
gene
unit of inheritance found on a particular
locus of a chromosome
small portion of DNA in a chromosome that controls
a particular characteristic or protein in an organism
alleles
alternative version of a gene that occupy the
same locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes
can exist in 2 forms:
dominant
dominant allele will express itself in
both homozygous dominant and
heterozygous conditions
recessive
recessive allele will only express itself
in a homozygous recessive genotype
Phenotype
traits of an organism that can be seen
influences by genotype + environment
Genotype
genetic make-up of an organism that is
inherited from its parents
Homozygous organism (for a certain trait)
happens if the 2 alleles controlling
the trait are the same
possible combinations:
homozygous dominant (TT)
homozygous recessive (tt)
Heterozygous organism (for a certain trait)
happens if the 2 alleles controlling
the trait are not the same
possible combination: Tt
Mendel's Monohybrid Experiment
Mendel cross-bred pure-bred Tall pea plants
with pure-bred dwarf plants
F1 Generation hybrids all
turned out to be tall plants
After the F1 offspring self -
fertilized and produced seeds,
F2 Generation plants came up
Ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants: 3 : 1(approx)
why?
genes are responsible for this
each charactersitic is controlled by
a pair of factors in the cells
If the 2 factors are different, only the
dominant factor will express itself
both the tall and short plants are pure bred
however, only the tall alleles were dominant
and the short alleles were recessive
so when the 2 dominant tall gametes fused with
the 2 recessive short gametes, the dominant alleles
were expressed
this resulted in 1 dwarf and 3 tall hybrid plants
Genetic models
can be used to explain how alleles
are passed on to offspring
predict the traits that will be
displayed by the offspring
Mind Map of Mendelian Genetics - Heredity Part II
1
96
Mendelian genetics -
Heredity Part II
Introduction to heredity
gene
a section of dna at a specific location on the chromosome
contains information that determines a trait
mendelian trait
single trait determined by 1 gene
somatic cell
any cell in the body apart
from gametes
Gamete
Sex cell
Hereditary traits and Genetics
hereditary trait
characteristic that can be
passed on from one generation to another
examples:
wet or dry earwax
attached / detached earlobe
skin colour
hair colour
eye colour
blood type
face shape
chin shape
ability to roll tongue
Monohybrid Inheritance
inheritance of 1 characteristic with
2 contrasting forms controlled by
a single gene
each gene is made up of a pair of alleles
alleles can be dominant or recessive
homologous chromosomes
exist in pairs where
one chromosome comes from the male parent
one chromosome comes from the female parent
both have the exact
same gene loci
gene
unit of inheritance found on a particular
locus of a chromosome
small portion of DNA in a chromosome that controls
a particular characteristic or protein in an organism
alleles
alternative version of a gene that occupy the
same locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes
can exist in 2 forms:
dominant
dominant allele will express itself in
both homozygous dominant and
heterozygous conditions
recessive
recessive allele will only express itself
in a homozygous recessive genotype
Phenotype
traits of an organism that can be seen
influences by genotype + environment
Genotype
genetic make-up of an organism that is
inherited from its parents
Homozygous organism (for a certain trait)
happens if the 2 alleles controlling
the trait are the same
possible combinations:
homozygous dominant (TT)
homozygous recessive (tt)
Heterozygous organism (for a certain trait)
happens if the 2 alleles controlling
the trait are not the same
possible combination: Tt
Mendel's Monohybrid Experiment
Mendel cross-bred pure-bred Tall pea plants
with pure-bred dwarf plants
F1 Generation hybrids all
turned out to be tall plants
After the F1 offspring self -
fertilized and produced seeds,
F2 Generation plants came up
Ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants: 3 : 1(approx)
why?
genes are responsible for this
each charactersitic is controlled by
a pair of factors in the cells
If the 2 factors are different, only the
dominant factor will express itself
both the tall and short plants are pure bred
however, only the tall alleles were dominant
and the short alleles were recessive
so when the 2 dominant tall gametes fused with
the 2 recessive short gametes, the dominant alleles
were expressed
this resulted in 1 dwarf and 3 tall hybrid plants
Genetic models
can be used to explain how alleles
are passed on to offspring
predict the traits that will be
displayed by the offspring
Mind Map
Outline
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Mendelian genetics -
Heredity Part II
Introduction to heredity
both have the exact
same gene loci
