Darzen's mathod

Initiation

Chain propagation

Chain Termination

*Isomeric mixture is obtained

Electrophilic Addition Reaction

Allylic substitution of halogens

Allylic Substitution with NBS [Allylic Bromination]

Allylic Substitution with Sulfuryl chloride [Allylic Chlorination]

Formation of Alkyl Iodides by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/bromides with NaI in dry acetone

synthesis of Alkyl fluorides by heating analkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride

Wiliamson Synthesis

Hoffmann Amonolysis

The fact that we’re forming a new C-C π bond at the expense of sigma bonds on adjacent carbons is characteristic of elimination reactions.

Zaitsev rule/Saytzeff rule: Elimination reactions usually occur such that they are removing a hydrogen from the carbon attached to the fewest hydrogens.

Conventional elimination reactions that occur via the E1 and E2 mechanism follow Zaitsev’s rule. The major product will be the more substituted alkene

Reaction of Benzene with I2 produces HI which is a strong reducing agent. To make reaction possible, a stong oxidising agent HNO3 is added.

FeCl3 and ZnCl2 are too weak to make such ions, they just make a coordinate bond

Diazotization: When primary Aromatic amine reacts with NaNO2 and HCl in cold (273-278K), it forms Diazonium salt of Benzene.