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MindMap Gallery Ischemia-reperfusion injury mind map

Ischemia-reperfusion injury mind map

This is a mind map about ischemia-reperfusion injury, including causes and conditions, mechanisms of occurrence, functional metabolic changes, and the pathogenesis basis of prevention and treatment.

Edited at 2023-11-13 09:10:57

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Ischemia-reperfusion injury mind map

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Outline

ischemia reperfusion injury

Reasons and conditions

Common causes

Common conditions

ischemia time

collateral circulation

aerobic level

reperfusion conditions

The mechanism

Increased free radicals

Free radical concept and classification

Oxygen free radicals

lipid free radicals

Generation and removal of free radicals

generate

Single electron reduction during oxidative phosphorylation

Other reactions

enzymatic reaction

non-enzymatic reaction

Clear

Antioxidants

Antioxidase

Mechanism of free radical increase caused by ischemia-reperfusion

mitochondrial damage

Neutrophil recruitment and activation

Increased xanthine oxidase formation

Increased autooxidation of catecholamines

Increased free radicals cause damage to the body

membrane lipid peroxidation

Damage to cell membrane & organelle membrane structures

Increased bioactive substances

Reduced ATP production

protein function inhibition

Nucleic acid damage and DNA fragmentation

calcium overload

The mechanism of calcium overload caused by ischemia-reperfusion

Abnormal Na-Ca2 exchange

direct activation

indirect activation

PKC activation

biofilm damage

cell membrane damage

mitochondrial membrane damage

endoplasmic reticulum membrane damage

Mechanism of body damage caused by calcium overload

energy metabolism disorder

Decomposition of cell membrane and structural proteins

aggravate acidosis

Overactivation of inflammatory response

The mechanism of excessive activation of inflammatory response caused by ischemia-reperfusion

Increased production of cell adhesion molecules

Increased production of chemokines and cytokines

The mechanism by which inflammatory response causes damage to the body

Microvascular damage

Hemodynamic changes

increased permeability

cell damage

Functional metabolic changes

myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

reperfusion arrhythmia

Possible mechanism

Heterogeneity of action potential duration among reperfused myocardium

cardiac calcium overload

Free radicals alter cardiac muscle cell membranes

Effects of catecholamines

myocardial systolic dysfunction

reperfusion myocardial stunning

Microvascular obstruction

Structural changes in myocardium

Changes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Excitatory amino acid toxic effects

Increased free radicals, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators

calcium overload

Changes in ischemia-reperfusion injury of other organs

lung

liver

kidney

intestinal

The basis of disease prevention and treatment

Early restoration of blood flow and control of reperfusion conditions

Scavenge and reduce free radicals, reduce calcium overload

free radical scavenger

Reduce free radical production

Apply cytoprotective agents and inhibitors

Activate endogenous protective mechanisms

ischemic preconditioning

ischemic postconditioning

remote ischemic adaptation