Article 15 of Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is a comprehensive document that outlines the fundamental rights and principles of governance in India. Among these provisions, Article 15 holds significant importance as it addresses the issue of discrimination and promotes equality. This article prohibits discrimination on various grounds and ensures equal opportunities for all citizens. In this mind map, we will delve into the details of Article 15, its key provisions, and its impact on society.

Edited at 2023-08-07 07:26:38

Jindal Narnolia

Article 15 of Indian Constitution

Jindal Narnolia

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Article 15 of Indian Constitution

Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth

No citizen shall be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, caste, race, sex, or place of birth

This applies to admission in educational institutions funded by the State as well

However, the State may make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes

The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on these grounds in matters of public employment

Exception: in the case of certain military and educational institutions, the State may restrict employment opportunities to a particular religion, caste, or class

No person can be denied access to any public place on the basis of their religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth

Appropriate laws to uphold the principle of nondiscrimination

The State is required to take measures to enforce these provisions and prevent discrimination

These measures may include creating special courts and tribunals to handle cases of discrimination

The burden of proof is on the accused to show that they have not acted in a discriminatory manner

Article 15(4) and (5)

Article 15(4) allows the State to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes

Such provisions can include reservations in educational institutions and public employment

However, such reservations must not exceed 50%

Article 15(5) allows the State to make special provisions for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes, including those who are not traditionally recognized as such

However, such provisions must not take away the rights of any existing socially and educationally backward classes.

Significance

Provides equality before law and equal protection of law to all citizens .

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth .

Allows the state to enact special provisions for the advancement of socially and economically backward classes .

Upholds the fundamental rights of citizens and encourages the promotion of social justice.

Amendments

Article 15 has been amended twice:

1. The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 added Clause (4) to Article 15, which allowed the government to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes or for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes .

2. The Constitution (NinetyThird Amendment) Act, 2005 added Clause (5) to Article 15, which allowed the government to make special provisions for economically weaker sections of society, including reservation of up to 10% of seats in educational institutions and jobs in government for them.