MindMap Gallery Acute Pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidneys that typically starts in the urinary tract and spreads to the kidneys. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, chills, flank pain, and urinary symptoms. The condition requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications and long-term kidney damage. Treatment often involves antibiotics and supportive care. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for acute pyelonephritis is crucial for healthcare professionals and patients alike.
Edited at 2023-11-17 03:36:35Chronic Respiratory Failure is a serious respiratory disorder typically caused by long-term lung disease or dysfunction. Patients often experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and coughing. In severe cases, it may be accompanied by dangerous symptoms such as blurred consciousness and arrhythmia. The treatment of chronic respiratory failure requires comprehensive management, including medication, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle adjustments. Patients need to actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment suggestions, control the progression of the condition, and improve their quality of life. This is a mind map about Chronic Respiratory Failure. The map contains 5 main branches, namely: Recurring Interventions, Pathophysiology, Etiology, Treatment, Signals/Symptoms. Each main branch has a detailed description of its sub branches. Suitable for people interested in Chronic Respiratory Failure.
Femoral hernia, also known as femoral hernia, is a protrusion of abdominal contents through the femoral canal in the groin area. It is a common type of hernia, especially among women. Symptoms may include a painless bulge in the groin that may increase with standing or coughing. Surgical repair is usually recommended to prevent complications like bowel obstruction or strangulation. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for effective management of femoral hernia. This is a mind map about Femoral Hernia. The map contains 5 main branches, namely: Pathography, Etiology, Treatment, Nursing Interventions, Signs, and Symptoms. Each main branch has detailed descriptions of multiple sub branches. Suitable for people interested in Femoral Hernia.
Delve into the intricacies of the body's largest organ with our comprehensive overview of the integumentary system. This detailed guide explores the multi-layered structure of the skin, including the protective epidermis, the nutrient-rich dermis, and the insulating subcutaneous tissue. Learn about the key cell types like keratinocytes and melanocytes, and their vital roles from forming the barrier to synthesizing pigment. The guide also covers the skin's appendages such as sweat and sebaceous glands, hair, and nails, along with their functions in protection, regulation, and sensation. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals, this resource provides an in-depth understanding of skin's anatomy and its essential roles in overall health.
Chronic Respiratory Failure is a serious respiratory disorder typically caused by long-term lung disease or dysfunction. Patients often experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and coughing. In severe cases, it may be accompanied by dangerous symptoms such as blurred consciousness and arrhythmia. The treatment of chronic respiratory failure requires comprehensive management, including medication, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle adjustments. Patients need to actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment suggestions, control the progression of the condition, and improve their quality of life. This is a mind map about Chronic Respiratory Failure. The map contains 5 main branches, namely: Recurring Interventions, Pathophysiology, Etiology, Treatment, Signals/Symptoms. Each main branch has a detailed description of its sub branches. Suitable for people interested in Chronic Respiratory Failure.
Femoral hernia, also known as femoral hernia, is a protrusion of abdominal contents through the femoral canal in the groin area. It is a common type of hernia, especially among women. Symptoms may include a painless bulge in the groin that may increase with standing or coughing. Surgical repair is usually recommended to prevent complications like bowel obstruction or strangulation. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for effective management of femoral hernia. This is a mind map about Femoral Hernia. The map contains 5 main branches, namely: Pathography, Etiology, Treatment, Nursing Interventions, Signs, and Symptoms. Each main branch has detailed descriptions of multiple sub branches. Suitable for people interested in Femoral Hernia.
Delve into the intricacies of the body's largest organ with our comprehensive overview of the integumentary system. This detailed guide explores the multi-layered structure of the skin, including the protective epidermis, the nutrient-rich dermis, and the insulating subcutaneous tissue. Learn about the key cell types like keratinocytes and melanocytes, and their vital roles from forming the barrier to synthesizing pigment. The guide also covers the skin's appendages such as sweat and sebaceous glands, hair, and nails, along with their functions in protection, regulation, and sensation. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals, this resource provides an in-depth understanding of skin's anatomy and its essential roles in overall health.
Acute Pyelonephritis
Pathophysiology
Infection of one or both upper urinary tracts
Dissemination
Infection spread by ascending uropathic bacteria
Can also spready by the blood stream
Inflammation
Increase in WBC from infection causes inflammation
Areas affected :
Pelvis
Calyces
Medulla of the Kidney
Severe infectiions
Medulla extending to the Cortex
Microorganisms
Alkaline urine
These bacteria split urea into ammonia
Increases risk of stone formation
E.coli
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Healing
Fibrosis and atrophy of tubules
Necrosis of renal papillae can develop
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Chills
Malaise
Groin pain
Urinary tract infection symptoms
Fregency
Urgency
Costivertebral tenderness
Dysuria
Purdulant urine
Blood in urine
Interventions/Treatment
Diganosis first
Urine dip with a culture
Excessive WBC flushed into urine indicate phyelonephritis
Blood culture required
Imaging of urinary tract
Antibiotic treatment
Treament for 2-3 weeks usually clears
Retest urine with a culture in 1-4 weeks after treatment
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Culture important to treat with correct antibiotic
Finishing all antibiotics to reduce change of causing resistance
Common antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin
Rocephin
Penicillin
Bactrium
Amoxicillin
Levofloxacin
Medication for pain
Acetaminophen
Tylenol
NSAIDs- Avoid with CKD
Ibuprofen
Advil
Motrin
Increase fluids
Dehydration causes concentrated urine
More fluid to flush out bacteria
Showers instead of baths
Reduce risk of bacteria entering urethra spreading to kidney
Monitor vital signs
Temperature
High body temperature
Above 100.4 F
Low body temperature
Below 96.8 F
Pulse
Tachycardia
Blood pressure
Hypotension
RR
Tachypena
Dyspena
O2 Saturation
Decrease in O2
Risk Factors
Pregnancy
Dilation and relaxation of ureter.
Cause partly by obstruction of enlarged uterus
Ureteral relaxation from high progrestrone levels
Neurogenic bladder
Abnormal bladder contraction
Increases amount of residual urine
Increases risk for infection
Obstruction
Kidney Stone
Obstruction from stones
Can cause entrapment of bacteira
Irritation of epithelial lining
Enlarged prostate
Instrumentation
Catheters
Bacteria introduced to bladder
Endoscopes
Bacteria introduced to bladder
Surgery involves GU or urinary system
Vesicoureteral reflux
Chronic reflux of urine
Urine reflexes from ureter into kidney
Creates opportunity for infection
Women are more likely than men to become infected
Sexual intracourse
Females
Bacteria pushed into bladder from urethra then spreading to kidney
Anatomy of women
Shorter urethra
Dominique Fiscus
Patho
Simpson U BSN
References
Huether. Sue, et al. (2020) Understanding Pathophysiology, Elsvier 7th ed. Textbook.
Signs of Septic Shock
Color guide
Pathophysiology
Sings and Symptoms
Risk Factors
Interventions/Treatment
Subtopic
Pain Medication
Antibiotics
Subtopic
Subtopic
Subtopic
These are commonly associated with infection after urinary tract surgery