MindMap Gallery Summary of knowledge points of college entrance examination mathematics
Reviewing for the college entrance examination is a very energy-consuming task, especially high school mathematics, which involves many knowledge points. After sorting out the knowledge points, reviewing in a planned manner will get twice the result with half the effort. This map summarizes the key points of the college entrance examination mathematics examination, and provides a detailed knowledge point sorting out the key functions and other contents. I hope it will be helpful in your college entrance examination review.
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これは稲盛和夫に関するマインドマップです。私のこれまでの人生のすべての経験は、ビジネスの明確な目的と意味、強い意志、売上の最大化、業務の最小化、そして運営は強い意志に依存することを主な内容としています。
かんばんボードのデザインはシンプルかつ明確で、計画が一目で明確になります。毎日の進捗状況を簡単に記録し、月末に要約を作成して成長と成果を確認することができます。 実用性が高い:読書、早起き、運動など、さまざまなプランをカバーします。 操作簡単:シンプルなデザイン、便利な記録、いつでも進捗状況を確認できます。 明確な概要: 毎月の概要により、成長を明確に確認できます。 小さい まとめ、今月の振り返り掲示板、今月の習慣掲示板、今月のまとめ掲示板。
Find a streamlined guide created using EdrawMind, showcasing the Lemon 8 registration and login flow chart. This visual tool facilitates an effortless journey for American users to switch from TikTok to Lemon 8, making the transition both intuitive and rapid. Ideal for those looking for a user-centric route to Lemon 8's offerings, our flow chart demystifies the registration procedure and emphasizes crucial steps for a hassle-free login.
これは稲盛和夫に関するマインドマップです。私のこれまでの人生のすべての経験は、ビジネスの明確な目的と意味、強い意志、売上の最大化、業務の最小化、そして運営は強い意志に依存することを主な内容としています。
かんばんボードのデザインはシンプルかつ明確で、計画が一目で明確になります。毎日の進捗状況を簡単に記録し、月末に要約を作成して成長と成果を確認することができます。 実用性が高い:読書、早起き、運動など、さまざまなプランをカバーします。 操作簡単:シンプルなデザイン、便利な記録、いつでも進捗状況を確認できます。 明確な概要: 毎月の概要により、成長を明確に確認できます。 小さい まとめ、今月の振り返り掲示板、今月の習慣掲示板、今月のまとめ掲示板。
Summary of knowledge points of college entrance examination mathematics
College Entrance Exam Mathematics Knowledge Points
Functions and Derivatives
Mainly examines set operations, related concepts of functions, domain, value range, analytical expression, limit, continuity and derivative of functions.
Plane vectors and trigonometric functions, trigonometric transformations and their applications
This part is the focus but not the difficulty of the college entrance examination. It mainly contains some basic questions or intermediate questions.
Sequences and their applications
This part is the focus and difficulty of the college entrance examination. It mainly consists of some comprehensive questions.
inequality
It mainly examines the solution and proof of inequalities, and rarely examines them individually. It mainly focuses on comparing the size of the answers to the questions. It is the focus and difficulty of the college entrance examination
Probability and Statistics
This part has a greater connection with our lives and is an application question.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of spatial location relationships
Mainly to prove parallel or perpendicular, find angles and distances
analytic geometry
The difficulty of the college entrance examination requires a lot of calculations and usually contains parameters.
Seven review points
Functions and Derivatives
Key points of inspection
Properties of functions, including monotonicity and parity of functions
When answering questions about functions, the focus is on quadratic functions and higher-order functions, partial functions and some of their distribution issues. However, this distribution focus also includes two analysis issues, namely the distribution of quadratic equations.
Plane vectors and trigonometric functions
Key points of inspection
Subtraction and evaluation, focusing on mastering formulas, focusing on mastering five sets of basic formulas
The images and properties of trigonometric functions. Here we focus on mastering the properties of sine and cosine functions.
It is relatively easy to solve triangles using the sine theorem and the cosine theorem.
sequence
Key points of inspection
General items
Sum
Space vectors and solid geometry
Key points of inspection
prove
calculate
Probability and Statistics
Key points of inspection
equal probability
independent event
Probability of occurrence of independently repeated events
analytic geometry
Key points of inspection
The positional relationship between straight lines and curves
moving point problem
Chord length problem
Symmetry problem
Final question
Do not leave any blank spaces in the entire test paper when scoring parts.
parametric equations
Coordinate systems and parametric equations
Coordinate systems are the basis of analytic geometry. In the coordinate system, an ordered real array can be used to determine the position of a point, and then equations can be used to describe geometric figures. In order to describe geometric figures or describe natural phenomena using algebraic methods, different coordinate systems need to be established. Polar coordinate system, cylindrical coordinate system, spherical coordinate system, etc. are different coordinate systems from the rectangular coordinate system. For some geometric figures, choosing these coordinate systems can make the equations established simpler.
Parametric equation is an equation that uses parameter variables as an intermediary to express the coordinates of points on the curve. It is another representation of the curve in the same coordinate system. Some curves are more conveniently represented by parametric equations than by ordinary equations. Learning parametric equations helps students further appreciate the flexibility of mathematical methods in solving problems.
Parametric equation definition
Generally, in the plane rectangular coordinate system, if the coordinates x and y of any point on the curve are functions of a certain variable t, x=f(t), y=g(t)
For each allowable value of t, the point M(x,y) determined by the above equations is on this curve, then the above equation is the parametric equation of this curve, and the variable t connecting x and y is called a variable Parameters, referred to as parameters. Compared with parametric equations, equations that directly give the relationship between the coordinates of points are called ordinary equations. (Note: The parameter is a bridge connecting the variables x and y. It can be a variable with physical and geometric meaning, or it can be a variable with no practical meaning.
parametric equations
round
x=a rcosθy=b rsinθ
a, b are the coordinates of the center of the circle, r is the radius of the circle, and θ is the parameter.
oval
x=acosθy=bsinθ
a is the length of the semi-major axis, b is the length of the semi-minor axis, and θ is the parameter.
hyperbola
x=asecθ(secant)y=btanθ
a is the length of the real semi-axis, b is the length of the imaginary semi-axis, and θ is the parameter.
function
How to determine the range of a function
Preparation method
When using the combination method of quadratic functions to evaluate the domain, attention should be paid to the value range of the independent variable.
substitution method
The algebraic or trigonometric substitution method is commonly used to replace the given function with another function whose value range is easy to determine, thereby obtaining the original function value range, such as y=ax b _√cx-d(a,b,c,d are all Functions that are constants and ac is not equal to 0) are often solved by this method.
discriminant method
This method is commonly used if the function has a fractional structure and the denominator contains the unknown number x. Usually, the denominator is removed and transformed into a quadratic equation, and then the discriminant △≥0 is used to determine the range of y, which is the value range of the original function.
inequality method
When using a b≥2√ab (where a, b∈R) to find the function range, you must always pay attention to the conditions for the establishment of the inequality, that is, "one is positive, two is definite, and three are equal."
inverse function method
If the value range of the original function is not easy to solve directly, you can consider the domain of its inverse function, and determine the value range of the original function based on the characteristics of the interchangeability of the domain and value range of the two functions that are inverse functions, such as y=cx d /ax b(a≠0) type function value range, you can use the inverse function method, you can also use the separation constant method
monotonicity method
First determine the domain of the function, and then find the value domain of the function based on its monotonicity. The monotonicity of the function y=x p/x (p>0) is often used: the increasing interval is the left-to-right of (-∞,-√p) The closed interval and the left closed and right open interval of (√p, ∞), the subtracting interval is (-√p,0) and (0,√p)
Number-shape combination method
Analyze the collective meaning expressed by the analytical expression of the function and determine the value range according to its image characteristics
Basic methods to find monotonicity of functions
Grasp the definition of monotonicity of functions
To prove the monotonicity of a function, generally use definitions (it is best to use definitions for beginners) (beware of circular arguments). If the analytical expression of the function is extremely complex or has some special form, you can use the equivalent form of the definition of monotonicity of the function to prove it. Please also note that the definition of function monotonicity is [a necessary and sufficient proposition]
Be proficient in the monotonicity of basic elementary functions and their monotonic intervals
Understand and master the method of judging the monotonicity of composite functions: same increase and different decrease
Elective textbooks for senior high school students include derivatives and their applications. It is generally very simple to use derivatives to find the monotonic interval of a function.
Attention should be paid to applications of function monotonicity, such as finding extreme values, comparing sizes, and problems related to inequalities.
Trigonometric functions
Trigonometric functions
periodic function
Generally speaking, for the function f(x), if there is a constant T that is not 0 such that when x takes every value in the domain, f(x T)=f(x), then the function f(x) It is called a periodic function, and the non-zero constant T is called the period of this function. The smallest positive number that exists in all periods is called the smallest positive periodic trigonometric function. It is a key content in high school mathematics, and it occupies a very important position in the science mathematics of the college entrance examination. Location
Graphics of Trigonometric Functions
Trigonometric function lines can be used to make drawings using geometric methods. When the accuracy requirements are not high, the five-point method is often used for drawing. Special attention should be paid to the selection of the "five points".
domain of trigonometric functions
The domain of a trigonometric function is the premise for studying all other properties. Finding the domain of a trigonometric function is actually to solve the simplest trigonometric inequality. It can usually be solved with the image of a trigonometric function or a trigonometric function line. Pay attention to the application of the idea of combining numbers and shapes.
inverse trigonometric function
y=arcsin(x)
The definition domain [-1,1], the value range [-π/2,π/2] is shown with red lines
y=arccos(x)
Definition domain [-1,1], value range [0,π], image with blue lines
y=arctan(x)
Domain (-∞, ∞), value range (-π/2,π/2), image with green lines
sin(arcsin x)=x
Domain [-1,1], value range [-1,1]
Other formulas of trigonometric functions
arcsin(-x)=-arcsinx
arccos(-x)=π-arccosx
arctan(-x)=-arctanx
arccot(-x)=π-arccotx
arcsinx arccosx=π/2=arctanx arccotx
sin(arcsinx)=x=cos(arccosx)=tan(arctanx)=cot(arccotx)
When x∈[—π/2, π/2], arcsin(sinx)=x
When x∈[0,π],arccos(cosx)=x
x∈(—π/2, π/2),arctan(tanx)=x
x∈(0,π), arccot(cotx)=x
x〉0,arctanx=π/2-arctan1/x, arccotx is similar
If (arctanx arctany)∈(—π/2, π/2), then arctanx arctany=arctan(x y/1-xy)
Comprehensive problem of trigonometric functions and plane vectors
Clever "transformation" - returning the conditions that appear in the form of "quantity product of vectors, plane vectors collinear, plane vectors perpendicular" and "linear operations of vectors" to their true colors, into "the relationship between corresponding coordinate products"
Cleverly dig out the "conditions" - use the implicit condition "the boundedness of the sine function, the cosine function," to transform the constant establishment problem of the inequality into an equation containing the parameter ψ, and find the value of the parameter ψ, so that the function of the function can be found Analytic
Make use of the "properties" - make use of the monotonicity, symmetry, periodicity, odd-evenness of the sine function and the cosine function, as well as the overall substitution idea, you can find their symmetry axis and monotonic interval
Trigonometric function "symmetry" problem, enabling the algebraic relationship of image features: (A≠0)
The graphs of the function y=Asin(wx φ) and the function y=Acos(wx φ) are axially symmetrical about the straight line passing through the maximum point and parallel to the y-axis.
The graphs of the function y=Asin(wx φ) and the function y=Acos(wx φ) are respectively centrally symmetrical about their middle zero points.
The symmetry properties of the function y=Atan(wx φ) and the function y=Acot(wx φ) can also be obtained by using images.