Wu Jingzi

status

In terms of the background of the times, during the three generations of Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, China had already seen the emergence of the germination of capitalist production relations. The superficial prosperity of society could not cover up the decay of feudal society.

I was raped when I was taking the imperial examination, and I felt particularly deeply about the pros and cons of stereotyped writing and imperial examination.

Using pungent writing to critically expose the social status quo and the fate of Confucian scholars

It vividly depicts the rotten spiritual and moral and cultural education status of the intellectual class under the imperial examination system.

Through various aspects of life, it reveals the scholars' concepts of fame and fortune, the bureaucratic system, human relations and the entire social atmosphere.

Satirizing the incompetence of feudal officials, the greed and meanness of landlords, the hypocrisy and meanness of the arty celebrities, and the entire feudal etiquette system decadence and the distortion of people’s souls

It passionately praises the protection of humanity by a few characters in a way that insists on themselves, and embodies the author's ideals.

structure

create character

aesthetic style

satirical art

Zhang Wenhu, a literary critic of the Qing Dynasty: The writing style of "Outside History" is not far from "Water Margin" and "Jin Ping Mei", but the boldness is far less. However, when describing worldly affairs, it is true and true, and it is not necessary to refer to the person; and the description of the remains and deities are all frequently seen in the reception. You can mirror others, you can mirror yourself

Lu Xun, a modern litterateur, said: "He upholds a public spirit and points out the ills of the times. He is sharp and sharp, especially in scholars; his writing is both humorous and humorous, tactful and full of satire."

Modern litterateur Hu Shi: "Advocates a new social psychology that makes people aware of the ugliness of career and the ugliness of officialdom; it makes people feel that "people" are more valuable than "officials" and that personality is more valuable than wealth.

laid the foundation for Chinese classical satirical novels

Spread widely around the world and become a worldwide literary masterpiece

The section "Fan Jin passed the exam" was selected into the ninth-grade Chinese textbook published by the People's Education Press

Wang Mian (Wang Mian studies painting)

Zhou Jin

Fan Jin (Fan Jin passed the examination)

Yan Zhihe (Two Light Grasses)

Yan Zhizhong

Kuang Chaoren

Shen Qiongzhi

Qing Dynasty novelist

Zi Minxuan, Hao Limin

Opposed to the eight-part essay and the imperial examination system, and hated the custom of scholars who were obsessed with crafts and eager for fame and wealth.

Represents the peak of ancient Chinese satirical novels

Created an example of using novels to directly evaluate real life

There is no main character and story framework throughout, but a series of relatively independent stories.

A clear central theme, a generally clear timeline, and a unified plot thread

Based on real people and real events in life, tempered by art

The creation of character images uses methods such as documentary, editing, concentration, comprehensive introduction, and idealization to present holistic characteristics.

sketch silhouette

line drawing

A tactful yet sharp satire through discordant people and events

Real characters in history, adapted by the author

It establishes the basic characteristics of the author's ideal character and embodies the spirit of Chinese scholars.

He was keen on scientific examinations, but even in his sixties, he failed to pass the examination. The businessman took pity on him and raised money to donate to the prison students. Later, he passed the examinations of Juren and Jinshi, and went to Guangdong to serve as an official.

In his fifties, he failed to pass the scholar examination and his family was extremely poor. Zhou Jin admitted him as a scholar.

Before dying, Zhao held out two fingers. Because there were two rushes in the lamp, Zhao picked one out and then breathed his last.

Gong Sheng looks down on his younger brother Yan Jiansheng

When Fan Jin and Zhang Jingzhai went to Tang Zhixian to "catch the autumn breeze", Yan Zhizhong made up a story about his encounter with Tang Zhixian to show his understanding of Tang Zhixian, and praised Tang Zhixian's character.

When in the countryside: simple, well-behaved, diligent and filial

When living in a foreign country: Under the influence of Mr. Ma Er, he regarded the imperial examination as the only way out in life. After being admitted as a scholar, he was "trained" by celebrities from the fighting party. He regarded himself as a celebrity, pursued fame and profit, betrayed friends for glory, was ungrateful, and fell into depravity.

The daughter of teacher Shen Danian

She was deceived into marrying the salt merchant Song Weifu as a concubine. After suing Song Weifu unsuccessfully, he went to Nanjing to live alone