Processing information about limb position and muscle strength

touch

Wenjue

pain

The fourth subtype is unknown, but is only found in hairy skin

Provides perception of pressure, vibration and texture; relies on four different receptors in the skin of the fingers

cold receptor

thermoreceptor

Not only depends on nociceptor input, the sea depends on other signal processing processes. such as emotions or situations

CT afferent nerve fibers are the limbic tactile system, which is the material basis for social behavior between individuals, emotions, endocrine and dependent reactions (pleasant touch) during skin contact

The brain (insular cortex) is experimentally linked to the positive and negative emotional aspects of skin sensitivity

Sympathetic nerve fibers play a role in inducing and exacerbating severe reactions

Stimulus signals acting on nociceptors, such as heat, pain, or chemical stimuli, are peripherally controlled through complex regulation of a series of ion channels.

Capsaicin receptor subtype 1 (VR1, also known as TRPV1) is a typical cation channel. Expressed on the surface of cutaneous sensory nerve fibers, mast cells, and epithelial cells of skin adnexal structures.

μ-opioid receptor subtype 1A (MOR 1A) and calcitonin gene-related peptide coexist on the surface of human sensory nerve fibers, suggesting a functional relationship between opioid agonists in anti-inflammatory and analgesic aspects.

A range of cell types, including neurons, keratinocytes, and immune cells, synthesize endogenous opioids, and there are three families of opioid peptides

Cannabinoids can activate VR1, which may explain the associated activity of cannabinoids as vasodilators.

The trigeminal nerve innervates the entire facial skin structure (including the oral mucosa)

The cerebral cortex is thought to have nine different areas primarily responsible for somatosensory sensations