MindMap Gallery The Second Industrial Revolution and Modern Science and Culture
The second industrial revolution and modern scientific culture are two very important periods in human history. Together, they promote the progress and development of human society and change people's lifestyles and cognitive styles.
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Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
second industrial revolution and modern scientific culture
second industrial revolution
Background: After the first industrial revolution, the economies of major European and American capitalist countries developed rapidly and scientific research also made significant progress.
Beginning: In the 1860s and 1870s, new technologies and inventions emerged one after another and were quickly used in industrial production, promoting the development of industry.
Main symbol: Application of electricity
The most significant achievement: Electricity has become a new energy source and entered the field of life and production.
Influence
The second industrial revolution promoted the development of productivity and greatly improved people's lives
Some capitalist countries have achieved leapfrog development and become industrialized powers (United States)
On the basis of economic development, monopoly organizations emerged in major capitalist countries, and capitalism transitioned from liberal capitalism to monopoly capitalism (i.e. imperialism).
The increase in the external expansion of capitalism has had a profound impact on the world
main content
Applications of electricity
Premise: Faraday (English) discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction (1831)
application:
In the 1870s, generators entered the production field and electricity began to be used as power to drive machines.
Edison (USA) invented the incandescent light bulb, alkaline storage battery, movie projector and projector, etc., and built the first thermal power station in the United States.
Impact: Generators, electric motors, electric welders, electric drills, telephones, trams, telegraphs, etc. have come out one after another, and human society has entered the "Electrical Age"
Chemical industry and new materials
The emergence of the modern chemical industry was also a major breakthrough in the field of applied technology
Performance:
The invention of the internal combustion engine promoted the development of the oil extraction industry and accelerated the creation of the petrochemical industry
Using new methods to produce alkali, sulfuric acid, artificial dyes and other products from the 1860s to the 1880s
(Sweden) Nobel invented modern explosives (1867), smokeless explosives, widely used in military, engineering, etc.
(U.S.) Hyatt invented celluloid manufacturing technology (1869), and the modern plastics industry was born.
(France) Chardonnay invented man-made fibers (1884), opening up a new field of textile production
Internal combustion engines and new forms of transportation
The invention of the internal combustion engine was a major achievement in the field of applied technology in the second industrial revolution
inventor
Germany: Otto - Gas Internal Combustion Engine (1876) Daimler - Gasoline Internal Combustion Engine (1883) Diesel - diesel internal combustion engine Benz - automobile (1880s) United States: Wright Brothers--Airplane (1903)
The American Ford Motor Company used assembly lines to produce cars (1913), which brought about a revolution in the automobile manufacturing industry. Cars began to become a means of transportation for middle-income families.
Impact: The invention of the internal combustion engine led to the development of related emerging industries. The emergence of automobiles, ocean-going ships, airplanes, tractors, etc., brought great convenience to people's production and life.
Leading countries: United States, Germany
New energy: electricity, oil
New power: electricity, internal combustion engine
Social changes in industrialized countries
Population growth and mass education
The Industrial Revolution greatly promoted the development of productivity and promoted the rapid growth of population
The ranks of the working class continue to grow
European countries began to promote mass education
In order to meet the needs of industrialization development
urbanization
The rural population continues to flow to cities, and the size of cities is getting larger and larger.
At the beginning, cities usually lacked unified planning and the urban environment was very poor.
After the mid-19th century, the city began to improve and some infrastructure was established.
Environmental pollution and increasing polarization between rich and poor
Factories discharge large amounts of waste gas and waste water, seriously polluting the atmosphere and rivers, and endangering people's health.
Capitalists absorb most of the social wealth, and they are getting richer and richer. The vast majority of workers engage in high-intensity labor for long hours in harsh environments every day, but the income they earn is difficult to make ends meet.
Social contradictions are becoming increasingly acute, and workers' resistance struggles are becoming increasingly fierce.
Modern science and culture
the scientist
newton
One of the founders of modern natural science
mathematical principles of natural philosophy
Astronomy, mathematics, mechanics and other fields
law of universal gravitation
Optical analysis
Calculus
darwin
origin of species
Breaking the thousands of years of creationism that "God created all things"
literary giant
Balzac
The Human Comedy
Eugenie Grandet
old man tall
Leo Tolstoy
War and Peace
anna karenina
Criticized Russia's tsarist autocracy and landlords' cruel exploitation of peasants
It denied violent revolution and promoted moral fraternity.
resurrection
Master of Music and Art
Beethoven
Heroic Symphony
van gogh
sunflower
night cafe