MindMap Gallery Classification of cytokines
Medical Immunology, Human Health 9th Edition, Cytokines are a type of small molecule proteins with a wide range of biological activities that are synthesized and secreted by immune cells.
Edited at 2024-02-08 17:01:39Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
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Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Classification of cytokines
Interleukin (IL)
Interleukin, for short, is a cytokine produced by a variety of cells that mediates the interaction between white blood cells or immune cells and exerts immune regulatory functions.
38 species were found, namely IL1~38
Colony stimulating factor (CSF)
Cytokines that can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro, and form cell colonies on semi-solid culture media.
Mainly include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CFS), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CFS), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CFS), erythropoietin (EPO), stem cell factor ( SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), etc.
Interferon (IFN)
Glycoproteins produced by virus-infected cells or activated T cells that have anti-viral replication and regulate immune responses
Type I IFN
Including IFN-α, IFN-β, mainly produced by leukocytes, fibroblasts and virus-infected cells
Antiviral and species specific
Type II IFN
IFN-γ, mainly produced by activated T cells and NK cells
Has immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects
Potential cytokines that activate MΦ cells
Promote the expression of MHC class I molecules
Powerful activator of NK cells
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
TNF-α
Produced by activated monocytes/macrophages
TNF-β
Produced by activated T cells
Growth factors (GF)
Generally refers to a type of cytokines that can promote the growth and differentiation of corresponding cells.
Including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) )wait
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)
Inhibit T cell proliferation
Inhibit macrophage activation
Mixed lymphocyte reaction inhibits CTL maturation
Chemokines
Is a group of structurally related cytokines that can selectively induce leukocyte chemotaxis and activation
Mediates directional migration of immune cells, activates immune cells, participates in lymphoid organ formation and immune organ development, participates in inflammatory responses, initiates and regulates adaptive immune responses, regulates angiogenesis and apoptosis, and plays a role in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. reaction and other pathological processes.