MindMap Gallery DNA damage and damage repair
Molecular Biology, Human Health 9th Edition, DNA damage repair is of great significance for maintaining normal life activities of organisms. It not only maintains the stability of genetic information, but also prevents mutations and diseases such as cancer.
Edited at 2024-02-08 16:57:25Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
DNA damage and damage repair
DNA damage
Damage factors
internal factors
DNA copying errors
The instability of DNA itself
Reactive oxygen species generated by metabolism directly modify bases
external factors
physical factors
Ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light
chemical factors
Free radicals, base analogs, base modifiers, alkylating agents, intercalating dyes
biological factors
Viruses and mold
Injury type
Base damage and glycosyl destruction
base mismatch
DNA break
Covalent cross-linking of DNA strands
base substitution
Conversion: Replacement of one purine by another purine or one pyrimidine by another pyrimidine
Transversion: Purine is replaced by pyrimidine or pyrimidine is replaced by purine
mutations caused by base substitutions
Missense mutations: mutations that change the amino acid code
nonsense mutation: a mutation that changes to a stop codon
Synonymous mutations: mutations that do not change the amino acid coding
DNA damage repair
direct repair
Direct repair of pyrimidine dimers (photoreactivated repair)
Direct repair of alkylated bases
Direct repair of single-strand breaks
Excision repair
base excision repair
Nucleotide excision repair
base mismatch repair
Reorganization and repair
homologous recombination repair
Recombination repair of non-homologous end joining
Repair across damage
Reorganization across damage repair
Synthetic spanning damage repair
The significance of DNA damage and repair
DNA damage has dual effects
① Bring permanent changes to DNA, namely mutations
② Prevent DNA from being used as a template for replication and transcription, causing cell function disorders or, in worst cases, death.
③DNA damage is the basis of gene mutation, and evolution is the process of continuous mutation of genetic material.
DNA damage repair disorders are associated with various diseases