MindMap Gallery 2024 First Building - Deformation Observation and Monitoring (Compilation of the whole book) Notes and Mind Map
2024 First Building - Deformation Observation and Monitoring (Compilation of the whole book) Notes and mind map, sharing of necessary review materials, for review and preview, to improve learning efficiency, I hope it will be helpful to everyone in preparing for the exam.
Edited at 2024-04-10 21:21:16Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Change shape view Measurement and supervise Measurement
construction period deformation observation P70
1. Need to be carried out during construction Buildings that undergo deformation measurements
choose
① Foundation pits with safety design levels of Level 1 and Level 2;
②The foundation design grade is Grade A;
③ Buildings with a foundation design grade of Class B on weak foundations;
④ Engineering structures with long span or long and narrow body:
⑤Important infrastructure projects;
⑥Other objects required for monitoring in engineering design or construction.
2. Building deformation measurement accuracy level [2021]
learn
1. It is divided into five levels: special class, first class, second class, third class and fourth class. The medium error is used as an indicator to measure accuracy, and twice the medium error is used as the limit error.
2. Requirements for the number of reference points
(1) Settlement observation reference point
1) When observing special and first-class settlements, there should be no less than 4 reference points.
2) When observing other levels of settlement, there should be no less than 3 reference points.
(2) Displacement observation reference point
1) When observing special and first-class settlements, there should be no less than 4 reference points.
2) When observing other levels of settlement, there should be no less than 3 reference points.
3.Settlement observation
Correct errors
(1)Settlement observation of projects under construction 【2022】
1) Timing to start observation: Start observation after the foundation is completed and the basement is completed.
2) Observation cycle requirements
①General situation: For civil high-rise buildings, it is advisable to observe once every 2 to 3 floors.
② Suspension of construction, measurement once when work is stopped and when work is restarted; observation is done every 2 to 3 months during the stoppage period.
(2) Settlement observation of adjacent foundations, observation frequency requirements
1) During the foundation pit precipitation and foundation pit excavation process, observe once a day.
2) 10 days after the bottom slab concrete pouring is completed, observation can be made every 2 to 3 days.
3) After the basement roof is completed and the water level is restored, observation can be stopped.
4. Observation of deformation of supporting structures
Correct errors
1) Deformation observation point at the top of the foundation pit retaining wall
① Arrange in the middle part of the periphery of the foundation pit, at the sunny corner, and near the protected object;
②The horizontal spacing between monitoring points should not be greater than 20m, and the number of monitoring points on each side should not be less than 3.
2) Horizontal displacement observation point in the deep layer (bottom) of the foundation pit retaining wall
① Arrange in the middle part of the retaining wall, at the sunny corner, or in a representative part;
②The horizontal spacing between monitoring points is 20~60m, and should not be less than 1 on each side.
5. Abnormal situations during building deformation observation [2016]
learn
(1)Situation
1) Abnormal changes in deformation amount or deformation rate;
2) The deformation amount or deformation rate reaches or exceeds the warning value;
3) Collapse, landslides, etc. occur in the surrounding areas or on the excavation surface;
4) Abnormalities occur in the building itself, surrounding buildings and the ground surface;
5) Other abnormal situations caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes, heavy rains, freezing and thawing.
(2) Measures:
Safety plans must be implemented immediately, and the frequency of observations or the content of observations must be increased at the same time.
base pit supervise Measurement P78
1. Foundation pit projects that should be monitored
choose
(1) The design safety level of the foundation pit is level one or level two;
(2) The following foundation pits with excavation depth ≥5m
1) Soil foundation pit;
2) Extremely soft rock foundation pits, broken soft rock foundation pits, and extremely broken rock foundation pits;
3) The upper part is soil, and the lower part is a soil-rock combination foundation pit composed of extremely soft rock, broken soft rock, and extremely broken rock.
2. Foundation pit projects where the monitoring plan requires special demonstration
choose
1. Foundation pit engineering with complex engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions;
2. Foundation pit projects adjacent to important buildings, facilities, pipelines and other foundation pit projects with serious damage consequences;
3. A serious accident has occurred and the foundation pit project has been reorganized and implemented;
4. First-level and second-level foundation pit projects using new technologies, new processes, new materials, and new equipment;
5. Other foundation pit projects that need to be demonstrated.
3. supervise Measurement want beg
(1) Implementation unit: Implemented by a qualified third party entrusted by the construction party.
(2) Monitoring cycle: throughout the entire process of foundation pit engineering and underground engineering construction, starting before the construction of the foundation pit project until the completion of the underground engineering.
Correct errors
(3) Dedicated personnel patrol and inspect every day
Short answer
① Inspection and inspection contents: supporting structure, construction status, surrounding environment, monitoring facilities, and other inspection and inspection contents.
② Inspection inspection methods and tools: Mainly based on visual inspection, which can be supplemented by tools such as hammers, drills, measuring rulers, magnifying glasses, and equipment such as video and photography.
(4)Others
Short answer
①The basis for determining the monitoring scope of foundation pit projects: foundation pit design depth, geological conditions, surrounding environmental conditions, supporting structure types, construction methods, and the scope of influence of precipitation and ground subsidence.
② Monitoring objects: supporting structures; foundation pits and surrounding rock and soil; groundwater; surrounding protected objects (including: surrounding buildings, pipelines, rail transit, railways, important roads), etc.
③Monitoring content of the enclosure structure: At least the horizontal displacement and settlement of the top of the enclosure wall and the settlement of surrounding buildings, roads, etc. should be monitored, and the deep horizontal displacement of the enclosure wall or soil, internal force of the supporting structure, earth pressure, etc. should be monitored as needed. Pore water pressure, etc. are monitored.
④ When the foundation pit monitoring reaches the deformation warning value, quicksand, piping, uplift, and subsidence occur in the foundation pit, or large deformation occurs in the foundation pit support structure and surrounding environment, an early warning should be issued immediately.
⑤ Deformation monitoring early warning values include: cumulative change early warning values and change rate early warning values of monitoring items.
large complex structures Monitoring of industrial safety P347
choose
1. The monitoring plans for the following engineering structures should be specifically demonstrated.
(1) High-rise and towering structures and long-span space structures of Category A or complex Category B seismic fortification categories
(2) Engineering structures that have been restored to construction or use after a serious accident has been inspected, processed, and evaluated.
2. During construction, the following components and nodes should be monitored
(1) Components with significant stress changes or high stress levels.
(2) Components or sections with significant deformation
(3) Components or nodes that bear large construction loads.
(4) Key nodes that control geometric configuration.
3. High-rise and towering structures
(1) Height 250m and above... Carry out monitoring during construction. Monitoring items include: deformation monitoring, strain monitoring, wind and wind-induced response monitoring, and settlement monitoring.
(2) Height 350m and above... Carry out monitoring during use, including: deformation monitoring, strain monitoring, wind and wind-induced response monitoring, ground shaking and seismic response monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring
4. Monitoring of long-span spatial structures
(1)Monitoring during construction
1) Situations that require monitoring
①Network frames and multi-layer grid shell steel structures or cable-membrane structures with spans greater than 100m;
②Single-layer reticulated shell structure with a span greater than 50m;
③Long-span composite structure with a single span greater than 30m;
④ Steel structures with a structural overhang length greater than 30m.
2) Monitoring items: deformation monitoring, strain monitoring, foundation settlement monitoring
(2)Monitoring during use
1) Situations that require monitoring
①Grid and multi-layer lattice shell steel structures with spans greater than 120m;
②Single-layer reticulated shell structure with a span greater than 60m;
③Steel structures with a structural overhang length greater than 40m.
2) Monitoring items: deformation monitoring, strain monitoring, wind and wind-induced response monitoring
5. Situations where the formwork support system should be monitored: the height exceeds 8m or the span exceeds 18m, the total construction load is greater than 10kN/m², and the concentrated line load is greater than 15kN/m. P349 (similar to dangerous major projects)
Affected by surrounding construction Building inspection and monitoring P347
Correct errors
1. Objects that need to be monitored: The surrounding environment that needs to be protected within a range of 1 to 3 times the excavation depth of the foundation pit beyond the edge of the foundation pit.
2.Monitoring items
(1) Vertical displacement. Monitoring point layout
① At the four corners of the building, every 10 to 15 meters along the exterior wall, or on the plinth or column of every 2 to 3 columns, there should be no less than 3 points on each side of the exterior wall;
②The boundary between different foundations or foundations;
③The boundary between different structures;
④Both sides of deformation joints, seismic joints or serious cracks;
⑤Both sides of the junction between new and old buildings or high and low buildings;
⑥ The symmetrical parts of the foundation axis of tall structures should not be less than 4 points for each structure.
(2) Horizontal displacement. Monitoring point layout requirements: at the corner of the building's exterior wall, on the wall or column in the middle of the exterior wall, on both sides of the crack, and other representative locations.
(3) Incline. Monitoring point layout requirements
①Monitoring points should be arranged at building corners, load-bearing columns or walls on both sides of deformation joints;
② Monitoring points should be arranged correspondingly along the top and bottom of the main body, and the upper and lower monitoring points should be arranged on the same vertical line.
(4) Cracks. Arrangement requirements for monitoring points: For cracks that need to be observed, at least 2 monitoring points should be set up for each crack, and they should be set at the widest part of the crack and at the end of the crack.
During construction and use Observe settlement deformation P179
choose
①Buildings whose foundation design grade is Class A;
② Buildings with a foundation design grade of Class B on weak foundations;
③Treat buildings on foundations;
④ Buildings (structures) using new foundations or new structures.
choose