MindMap Gallery Cook's Applied Linguistics Chapter 6 Context and Culture
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Edited at 2024-04-11 22:31:13Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
6.context and culture context and culture
language definition
language for users
never abstract
language for linguistics
abstract
Analysis of languages in use
relevant factor
such factors are known as context
Definition of context
Systematizing context: Discourse analysis discourse analysis
definition
Three research directions
paralanguageParalanguage
definition
speaking has paralanguage
writing has paralanguage
Not yet widely used
The role of paralanguage
Visual communication and Computer Mediated communication (CMC)
pragmaticsPragmatics
pragmatic definition
Meaning varies with circumstances
Example: How are you?
genre genre
definition
John Swales
Meaning also changes with communicative events
Example: Describe same person in different events
Other possible examples
The meaning of discourse analysis
development and assessment of language proficiency
successful communication
Culture
Cross cultural communication
Definition
Various fields of applied linguistics involve linguistics
intrinsic
Translation, foreign language education, language planning
not intrinsic
Clinical linguistics (patholinguistics), language use in law courts and workplace
Cross-cultural communication in a broad sense
Within the same group, having different knowledge and values can be conceived of cross cultural.
Example: generations (intergenerational communication) Social classes Two sexes Sexual orientations (sexual orientation communication)
Disagreement over the culture
Differences are superficial(similarities between cultures)
Example: Greeting conventions (different countries have different ways of greeting, but they all convey intimacy and power
It is difference (difference between cultures)
same customs can send different signals
Example: Nodding Yes and shaking No
Applied Linguistics Responsibilities
raise awareness combating contributing
other
Culture is constantly changing
There are cultural differences within countries
Diversity of cultural identity in contemporary society
Cultural group development
translation, culture and context
Translation studies
definition
key problem
three levels
Example: That me please
Translation of traditional definition
between language not culture.Yet...
Factors that need to be considered in translation
culture and context
Example: you
Translation decisions are important factors affecting cross-cultural and international affairs
Example: Arabic vs. English
There is no perfect solution for translation
Hymes: one cannot always make the translation at once accurate, feasible, and appropriate.
Why MT cannot replace people
translator's evaluation both of the original text and translation's audiences.
Own language: rights and understanding
The popular view
understand their language
View in literary and religious study
read original text
The spirit or important ideas and traditions of a language that are unique to a particular language
Language rights
definition
if someone wants to express themselves fully...
Blurred definitions, providing possibilities
Language power is denied and the majority suppresses the minority
Multilingual and multicultural
preserve
restrict
Example: English Only
Lingua Franca
Definition: lingua Franca
Definition: English as lingua franca
Teaching culture Teaching culture
Learn Linguistics and Culture
Icelandic
Learning linguistics and culture is about integrating multi-cultural languages. Example: How are you
British and American mainstream culture is more complex
ideology
Core areas of applied language: intercultural communication
Discussion about culture: linguistic relativity hypothesis