MindMap Gallery Junior year medicine-trauma mind map
This is a mind map about trauma in junior year, which introduces the main contents such as classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and wound classification.
Edited at 2024-04-12 12:28:04Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
trauma
Classification
According to the mechanism of injury
contusion
The injured limb is swollen and painful. There is no local wound, but the tenderness is obvious.
stabbing
The wound has neat edges, is small and deep, and bleeds profusely. The nerves and blood vessels in the deep tissue may be damaged.
Debridement and suturing
abrasions
An abrasion is an injury with epidermal exfoliation as the main change caused by friction between a blunt trauma object and the epidermis of the skin. It is also called epidermal exfoliation and is the lightest type of open wound.
crush injury
impact injury
No wounds, accompanied by external auditory canal bleeding, hearing impairment, and dyspnea
Two or more of the above
compound injury
Press the injured area
head injury
abdominal injury
chest injury
Skin or mucosal integrity after massage
closed wound
open wound
According to the type of injury
Penetrating injury
Blind leg injury
Classification according to severity of injury
Mild
Partial dysfunction, not life-threatening
Moderate
Serious functional impairment, potentially life-threatening
The prognosis is some harm to health
Severe
Severe functional impairment, often life-threatening
Pathophysiology
local reaction
Inflammation
Remove damaged or dead tissue
Kill bacteria
tissue repair
systemic reaction
Basal metabolism is accelerated and energy consumption increases
Accelerated decomposition of sugar, protein, and fat
high blood sugar
hyperlactatemia
negative nitrogen balance
ketoacidosis
Tissue repair and wound healing
tissue repair
Classification
Completely restored
Original nature of cell repair
epidermal cells
mucosal cells
vascular endothelial cells
skeleton
Incomplete repair
Mainly repaired by fibroblasts
muscle cells
nerve cells
Chondrocytes
basic process
local inflammatory response stage
3-5 days
Purpose
Remove dead tissue
Create conditions for repair
Cell proliferation and differentiation, granulation tissue formation stage
Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells proliferation, migration
granulation tissue formation
tissue shaping stage
Further restructuring and reconstruction of the organization
trauma classification
type
primary healing
condition
General wounds
6-8h
Head and face
Within 24 hours
Face
Within 12 hours
Primary healing can be achieved after debridement
Open joint injury 10 hours
Perineal contusion and laceration 8 hours
8 hours after hand trauma, the wound was heavily contaminated
Wound repair based on original cells and only a small amount of fibrous tissue
No local infection, hematoma, or necrotic tissue
Rapid regeneration and repair
Structural and tissue repair is good
secondary healing
Focus on fibrous tissue repair
More common in severe injuries
Large range
Lots of necrotic tissue
Wounds that are often infected and not properly treated
delayed healing
Wounded limbs on the battlefield
Influencing factors
local
Wound infection
Insufficient local braking
Bandaging or suturing is too tight
Wounds and fate don’t match
whole body
Malnutrition
Extensive use of cell proliferation inhibitors
Immunocompromised
serious systemic complications
multiple organ dysfunction
complication
Infect
tetanus
gas gangrene
shock
Early days
hemorrhagic shock
Late stage
septic shock
fat embolism syndrome
main parts
Pulmonary ARDS
Common in multiple fractures
stress ulcer
Heavy bleeding and perforation may occur
coagulopathy
organ dysfunction
Common lung and kidney
post traumatic stress disorder
diagnosis
Ask about medical history
Injury (cause, time, place, part)
Position at time of injury
Post-injury manifestations, evolution process
Post-injury treatment
Past history
Physical examination
changes in vital signs
Comprehensive inspection
preliminary inspection
A
airway
B
breathe
C
Fatal massive blood loss and hemorrhagic shock
D
Is there a central nervous system disorder?
E
exposed
On-site treatment environment
F
fracture
Detailed inspection
Wound examination
Auxiliary inspection
laboratory tests
Blood routine
Urine routine
electrolyte check
Kidney function test
Blood or urine amylase assay
pancreas
Puncture and catheterization
thoracentesis
Abdominal puncture and lavage
Place a urinary catheter
Film degree exam
X-ray
CT
Ultrasonography
Precautions
Discover critical situations
asphyxia
Heavy bleeding
cardiac arrest
The inspection steps are simple, discreet and light.
Pay attention to areas with more obvious symptoms
Find hidden spots
Don’t ignore unusually quiet patients
For injuries that are difficult to diagnose
side treatment
edge diagnosis
Try to diagnose as early as possible
When vital signs are stable
Imaging examinations such as CT can be performed
treat
Classification
Infected wound management
Adequate drainage
Prevent wound contamination
Prompt and complete debridement
in principle
Save lives first, then treat illnesses
First, rescue suffocation and fight shock, then treat fractures, and finally treat visceral prolapse.
first aid
Condition
Heartbeat, respiratory arrest
Heavy bleeding
asphyxia
tension pneumothorax
shock
Common basic steps
recovery
artificial respiration
endotracheal intubation
defibrillation
Ventilation and oxygen supply
Stop bleeding
method
Acupressure
arteries passing through bones
Head and neck
limbs
Pressure bandaging
Most used
arterioles and veins
packing method
Muscles, bones, etc.
tourniquet method
parts
Heavy bleeding in limbs
Precautions
Don't bandage too tightly
To stop bleeding
Relax for 1-2 minutes every hour
Do not use continuously for more than 4 hours
Have distinctive signs
Please indicate the activation time and give priority to delivery.
Before loosening the tourniquet
Replenish blood and fluids first
Prepare hemostatic equipment
It takes too long to stop bleeding
distal necrosis
Apply new proximal tourniquet
Amputation
bandage
fixed
autogenous fixation
Not too tight
General fixation of distal and proximal bones
carry
Carrying on a stretcher or with bare hands
coma
Head tilted to one side
Semi-recumbent or side-lying position
further treatment
Determine the injury
respiratory support
Loop support
Sedation, pain relief, psychotherapy
Prevent and treat infection
Observe closely
supportive care
Batch treatment principle
first priority
Critically ill patients
red
Severe life-threatening trauma
Can be rescued with timely treatment
Prioritize care and transport
shock
progressive coma
50% II-III degree burns
second priority
Severely ill patients
yellow
have severe trauma
Vital signs or condition are temporarily stable after first aid treatment
Waiting at the scene without temporarily endangering life or limb
third priority
Mild patients
green
Able to walk without serious injury
Transportation and treatment can be appropriately delayed
First guide to the minor injury receiving station
fourth priority
dead or dying
black
Unable to rescue
Park in a specific area
closed wound therapy
Initial cold compress
Change to hot compress or infrared treatment after 12 hours
local bandaging and immobilization
Taking Yunnan Baiyao
During fracture and dislocation
Reset first
physiotherapy
open wound management
Incision and drainage
General wound management (main steps in debridement)
Clean surrounding wounds
Remove visible foreign bodies, blood clots, and loose tissue fragments
Routine disinfection drapes
Repair wound skin
Expand the wound
Removal of devitalized tissue
Completely stop bleeding
Wash the wound repeatedly
Thorough debridement
Perform primary or delayed healing as appropriate
suture
The wound edges are aligned
infected wound
Isotonic saline, nitrofuracil
Promote granulation tissue growth
hypertonic saline
Managing Granulation Tissue Edema
10% silver nitrate solution
Granulation tissue grows too quickly
The wound is seriously contaminated and lasts for more than 8-12 hours
Place saline gauze for drainage
Classification of wounds
Clean the wound
Uncontaminated wounds, common in surgical wounds
infected wound
Wounds where bacteria are present but have not become infected can generally heal directly or delayed after debridement.
Contaminated wounds
suppurated
Infection has occurred, local redness and swelling, accompanied by discharge