MindMap Gallery body fluid regulation
A summary of humoral factors, The main way to regulate life activities, Body fluid regulation and Coordination of neuromodulation, Hormone regulation, etc.
Edited at 2024-02-15 21:52:56This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
This is a mind map about Deep Analysis of Character Relationships in Zootopia 2, Main content: 1、 Multi-layer network of relationships: interweaving of main lines, branch lines, and hidden interactions, 2、 Motivation for Character Behavior: Active Promoter and Hidden Intendant, 3、 Key points of interaction: logic of conflict, collaboration, and covert support, 4、 Fun Easter eggs: metaphorical details hidden in interactions.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
This is a mind map about Deep Analysis of Character Relationships in Zootopia 2, Main content: 1、 Multi-layer network of relationships: interweaving of main lines, branch lines, and hidden interactions, 2、 Motivation for Character Behavior: Active Promoter and Hidden Intendant, 3、 Key points of interaction: logic of conflict, collaboration, and covert support, 4、 Fun Easter eggs: metaphorical details hidden in interactions.
body fluid regulation
Discovery of secretin
The first animal hormone discovered
Wertheimer: Pancreatic secretion of pancreatic juice is only regulated by nerves (wrong)
Stalin and Bellis experiments: the small intestinal mucosa secretes secretin under the action of hydrochloric acid, which promotes the secretion of pancreatic juice from the pancreas.
body fluid regulation
Hormone regulation (main content)
Regulation of other chemical substances (such as CO2, H ions, etc.)
Endocrine System The composition and function of
Composed of relatively independent endocrine glands and cells with endocrine functions
main endocrine glands and its hormones
Hypothalamus: Hormone-releasing hormone peptide Synthetic antidiuretic hormone (promotes water reabsorption by renal tubules and collecting ducts)
Pituitary: stimulating (thyroid, gonadal, adrenocortical) hormone peptides
Thyroid: Thyroid hormone amino acid derivatives (Promote metabolism, growth and development, increase heat production)
Adrenal gland
Cortex: aldosterone (promotes reabsorption of sodium ions by renal tubules and collecting ducts), cortisol, sterols
Medulla: Adrenaline Amino Acid Derivatives (Promote cell metabolism and increase heat production)
Pancreatic islets: Insulin (islet B cells), glucagon (islet A cells) proteins
The pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland
Ovarian: estrogen steroids
Testicles: Androgens (testosterone) Steroids
endocrine glands and The difference between exocrine glands
Endocrine glands: no ducts, secrete hormones directly into the capillaries in the glands, and are transported throughout the body through blood circulation
Exocrine glands: have ducts that secrete sweat, saliva, gastric acid, etc., and are transported by ducts to the outside of the body or the digestive cavity.
Hormone regulation
Features
transported by body fluids
Act on target organs, Target cells (undirected transport)
Delivering information as a messenger
Micro amount and high efficiency
Example
Regulation of blood sugar balance
Source and destination of blood sugar: digestion and absorption of sugars in food ➡️ (oxidative decomposition) CO2 H2O energy (produced in the cytoplasmic matrix, mitochondria); Liver glycogen decomposition ➡️ (synthesis) liver glycogen, muscle glycogen (cannot replenish blood sugar) Conversion of non-sugar substances such as fat ➡️ (conversion) into triglycerides and certain amino acids
Increased blood sugar concentration - increased secretion of insulin (which inhibits glucagon secretion) - promotes tissue cells to accelerate uptake, utilization and storage of glucose, etc.
Decreased blood sugar concentration—increased secretion of glucagon (which promotes insulin secretion)
diabetes
Type 1: Caused by hypofunction of pancreatic islets and decreased secretion of insulin. Can be treated with insulin injections
Type 2: genetics, environment, lifestyle, etc.
thyroid hormone secreted Hierarchical adjustment and feedback adjustment
Body fluid regulation and Coordination of neuromodulation
thermoregulation
High body temperature - excitement of the hypothalamus temperature regulation center - skin vasodilation, increased blood flow, increased sweat gland secretion, and increased heat dissipation
Low body temperature - hypothalamus - skin vasoconstriction, reduced blood flow, reduced sweat gland secretion, reduced heat dissipation; increased heat production in muscles and liver
Two ways
Heat production pathway - mainly heat production by skeletal muscles, liver, brain and other organs (heat production will not be reduced)
Heat dissipation pathways: mainly skin heat dissipation (radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation)
Water and salt regulation
regulation of life activities main way
neuromodulation
body fluid regulation
Neuro-humoral regulation: affecting the secretion of hormones through nerves, and then the hormones regulate body functions.
humoral factors
Hormones, histamine, certain gas molecules, some metabolites