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Traditional Chinese Medicine-Qi
The generation of Qi is directly related to which organs. The function of Qi is manifested by the body when the Qi is strong, and when the Qi is weak or bad, the body displays it.
Edited at 2024-02-15 11:03:04
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Traditional Chinese Medicine-Qi
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basic concept
Qi, in ancient times, was a simple understanding of natural phenomena by people.
Materialist philosophers during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period believed that "Qi" is the basic substance that makes up the world. All things in the universe are produced by the movement and changes of Qi.
"Book of Changes. Collection of Ci" says that "the heaven and the earth are dense, and all things are born." This simple materialistic view was introduced into the medical field and gradually formed a basic concept in traditional Chinese medicine.
Qi is the most basic substance that makes up the human body
Man is a product of nature, that is, a product of the "qi of heaven and earth".
The composition of the human body is actually based on "Qi" as the most basic material basis. Therefore, "The Law of Medicine" also says that "Qi gathers to form, and Qi disperses to destroy the form."
Qi is the most basic substance that maintains human life activities
Human life activities require the intake of nutrients from the "qi of heaven and earth" to nourish the qi of the five internal organs, thereby maintaining the body's physiological activities.
Since Qi has the characteristics of strong vitality and constant movement, it can promote and warm the life activities of the human body. Therefore, in traditional Chinese medicine, the movement changes of Qi are used to explain the life activities of the human body.
generation of qi
1 Comes from the innate essence inherited from parents
Relying on the physiological function of the kidney to store essence, the physiological effects of the innate essence can be fully exerted
2 Nutrients in food (i.e. the essence of water and grain, referred to as "grain energy")
The essence of water and grain depends on the transportation and transformation functions of the spleen and stomach.
3 Qingqi that exists in nature
Depends on the respiratory function of the lungs to inhale
Through the comprehensive action of the physiological functions of the lungs, spleen, stomach, kidneys and other organs, the three are combined to form
From the perspective of the source and generation of Qi
In addition to being related to innate endowment, acquired diet, nutrition, and natural environment, it is also closely related to the physiological functions of the kidneys, spleen, stomach, and lungs.
Only when the physiological functions of the kidneys, spleen, stomach, and lungs are normal and balanced can the body's Qi be abundant. On the contrary, any abnormality or loss of coordination and balance in any link of the physiological functions of the kidneys, spleen, stomach, lungs, etc., can affect the generation of Qi, or affect the flow of Qi. Normal physiological effects, resulting in pathological changes such as Qi deficiency
In the process of Qi generation, the transportation and transformation functions of the spleen and stomach are particularly important.
Because after birth, humans must rely on dietary nutrients to maintain life activities, and the body absorbs nutrients from the diet and completely relies on the reception and transportation functions of the spleen and stomach in order to digest and absorb the nutrients in the diet. Substance turns into water and grain essence.
The innate essence must rely on the nourishment of water and grain essence in order to exert its physiological effects.
Therefore, "Lingshu. Ying Health Association" says that "people receive Qi from grains." "Lingshu. Five Flavors" says, "Therefore, if the grains are not in for half a day, the Qi will be weak, and if the grain is not in for a day, the Qi will be reduced."
Physiological functions of Qi
1 Promoting effect
For the growth and development of the human body, the physiological activities of various organs, meridians and other tissues and organs, the production and movement of blood, the synthesis, distribution and excretion of body fluids, etc., all play a role in promoting and stimulating their movement.
If Qi is weak or the promoting and activating effect of Qi is weakened, it can affect the growth and development of the body, or premature aging may occur, or the physiological activities of organs, meridians and other tissues and organs may be weakened, or the production of blood and body fluids may be insufficient and Slow running, thus causing pathological changes such as blood deficiency, poor blood circulation, and water stagnation (edema, etc.)
2 Warming effect
"Qi governs heat", which means that Qi is the source of human body heat.
The body temperature is maintained constant by the warming effect of Qi.
Various organs, meridians and other tissues and organs also need to carry out normal physiological activities under the warming effect of Qi.
Liquid substances such as blood and body fluids also rely on the warming effect of Qi to carry out normal circulation. Therefore, it is said that "blood moves when it is warm and coagulates when it is cold."
If the warming function of Qi is abnormal, not only will there be cold symptoms such as aversion to cold and love of heat, lukewarm limbs, hypothermia, and sluggishness of blood and body fluids; it may also cause Qi to accumulate and not disperse due to certain reasons, causing Qi to become depressed and turn into heat, resulting in Aversion to heat and fondness for cold, fever and other phenomena.
Those with strong qi will feel hot; those with weak qi will feel cold.
3 defense function
The body's defense function is very complex, including the multi-faceted comprehensive effects of Qi, blood, body fluids, organs, meridians and other tissues and organs, but Qi plays a very important role here.
The defensive function of Qi is mainly reflected in protecting the skin of the whole body and preventing the invasion of external evils. "Where evil gathers, its Qi must be deficient." "The Qi must be deficient" means that the defensive effect of Qi is weakened, and external evils can invade the body and cause disease. When the defensive function of Qi is weakened, the disease resistance of the whole body must be reduced accordingly, and the body is also susceptible to diseases.
4. Fixation
Fixing the blood can make the blood flow along the pulse and prevent it from escaping outside the pulse.
It captures sweat, urine, saliva, gastric juice, intestinal juice and semen, etc., controls their secretion and excretion, and prevents them from being lost for no reason.
If the fixation effect of Qi is weakened, it may lead to the risk of massive loss of liquid substances in the body.
If Qi does not absorb blood, it can lead to various types of bleeding; if Qi does not absorb body fluids, it can lead to spontaneous sweating, polyuria or urinary incontinence, salivation, general vomiting of water, and diarrhea; if Qi does not consolidate semen, spermatorrhea, spermatorrhea, and premature ejaculation can occur. wait
5Gasification
Qi transformation refers to various changes produced by the movement of qi. Specifically, it refers to the metabolism and mutual transformation of essence, qi, blood and body fluid.
Food is converted into water and grain essence, which is now transformed into qi, blood, semen, etc.; semen is metabolized and converted into sweat and urine; after food is digested and absorbed, its residues are converted into dross, etc., all of which are gasification. Specific performance
Qi transformation dysfunction: 1 affects the metabolism of qi, blood, and semen; 2 affects the digestion and absorption of food; 3 affects the excretion of sweat, urine, and feces, thereby forming various metabolic abnormalities.
The process of gasification is actually the process of material metabolism in the body, a process of material transformation and energy transformation.
Although the five functions of Qi are different, they are all indispensable in human life activities. They coordinate closely and interact with each other.
Movement and form of movement of Qi
The Qi of the human body is a subtle substance with strong vitality that is constantly moving.
The movement of Qi is called "Qi machine". Its movement forms are diverse, but theoretically it can be summarized into four basic movement forms: ascending, descending, exiting and entering.
The respiratory function of the lungs, exhalation is out, inhalation is in; Xuanfa is ascending, purification is descending; the digestive function of the spleen, stomach and intestines, the spleen is responsible for ascending the clear, and the stomach is responsible for descending the turbid, which summarizes the digestion and absorption of food by the entire body. , the whole process of distribution and excretion
The body's water-liquid metabolism summarizes the entire process of metabolism through the circulation and purification of the lungs, the transportation and transformation of the spleen and stomach, the transpiration and gasification of the kidneys, and the suction and elimination of turbidity.
Various physiological activities of the body are essentially manifestations of the rise, fall, entry and exit of Qi.
The rising and falling, going out and entering of Qi are contradictory movements that unite opposites.
From a local perspective, not every physiological activity must have ascending and descending functions, but each has its own emphasis, such as the liver and spleen ascending, the lungs and stomach descending, etc.
From the perspective of the physiological activities of the entire body, there must be a coordinated balance between ascending and descending, and exit and entry, in order to maintain normal physiological activities. Therefore, the movement of Qi up, down, in and out is an important link in coordinating and balancing various physiological functions, also known as "regulating Qi".
Imbalance in the movement of Qi, that is, imbalance in the movement of Qi in and out, is a pathological state of "Qi imbalance", which has many manifestations: the movement of Qi in and out is hindered for some reason, which is called "poor Qi" ",
When blockage occurs in certain parts, it is called "Qi stagnation"; when Qi rises too much or does not fall too quickly, it is called "Qi reversal"; when Qi rises too little or falls too late, it is called "Qi trap". When qi cannot be kept internally and escapes to the outside, it is called "qi detachment". When qi cannot be released externally and condenses inside, it is called "qi knot" or "qi stagnation", or even "qi blockage"
When healthy, the rising, falling, incoming and outgoing movements of Qi may be focused locally, but overall the person has certain rules and is coordinated and balanced.
Distribution and Classification of Qi
The human body's Qi, as a whole, is composed of the essence in the kidneys, the essence of water and grain transported by the spleen and stomach, and the clear Qi inhaled by the lungs. It is generated under the combined action of the physiological functions of the kidneys, spleen, stomach, lungs, etc. And it is abundant throughout the body and everywhere
But specifically, the Qi of the human body is diverse and has various names due to its different main components, distribution locations and functional characteristics.
1 vitality
Composition and distribution
Yuan Qi, also known as "Original Qi" and "Zhen Qi", is the most basic and important Qi in the human body and the driving force behind human life activities.
It is mainly based on the essence stored in the kidneys and depends on the transformation of the essence in the kidneys.
On the one hand, the essence in the kidneys is based on the innate essence received from parents, and on the other hand, it depends on the cultivation of acquired water and grain essence, which is closely related to the function of the spleen and stomach in transporting and transforming water and grain essence.
It spreads through the whole body through the triple burner, reaching the internal organs and externally to the skin and muscles. It uses the triple burner as a channel to act on every part of the body.
The main function
Promote the growth and development of the human body, warm and stimulate the physiological activities of various organs, meridians and other tissues and organs,
It is the driving force of human life activities and the most basic substance to maintain life activities.
When the vitality of the body is abundant, the vitality of various organs, meridians and other tissues and organs will be strong, and the quality of the body will be strong and disease-free.
If due to insufficient innate endowment, acquired imbalance, or depletion due to long-term illness, the generation of vitality is insufficient or depleted too much, it will cause Qi deficiency and cause various diseases.
Zang-fu Qi
Qi of meridians
It is derived from Yuan Qi. When Yuan Qi is distributed in a certain organ or a certain meridian, it becomes the Qi of a certain organ or a certain meridian. It is a part of Yuan Qi. It is the most basic substance that constitutes each organ and meridians, and it is also the driving force and energy. Maintain the material basis for physiological activities with the organs and meridians
2 Zongqi
Composition and distribution
It is the Qi accumulated in the chest. The place where Zong Qi accumulates in the chest is called the "sea of Qi", also known as "Tanzhong"
It is composed of the main components of the Qing Qi that the lungs inhale from nature and the water and grain essence that the spleen and stomach transport and transform from food.
Therefore, whether the respiratory function of the lungs and the transportation and transformation functions of the spleen and stomach are normal or not directly affects the prosperity or decline of Zong Qi.
Zong Qi gathers in the chest and concentrates on the heart and lungs
The main function
The first is to walk on the breath path to breathe. The strength of language, voice, and breathing are all related to the rise and fall of Zongqi.
The second is to penetrate the heart meridians to circulate qi and blood. The movement of qi and blood, the coldness and mobility of the limbs, the ability to see and hear, the strength and rhythm of the heartbeat, etc. are all related to the rise and fall of Zongqi.
Zong Qi has the functions of promoting the beating of the heart and regulating heart rate and rhythm. Therefore, in clinical practice, the pulsation and pulse conditions of the "Xuli" area (equivalent to the apical beating area) are often used to measure the rise and fall of Zong Qi.
3 Yingqi
Composition and distribution
It is the Qi that coexists with blood in the veins. Ying Qi is rich in nutrients, so it is also called "Rong Qi". Ying and blood are very closely related and can be separated but inseparable, so they are often called "ying and blood" together. Relatively speaking, Ying Qi belongs to Yin, so it is also called "Ying Yin"
The water and grain essence mainly comes from the transportation and transformation of the spleen and stomach, and is transformed from the essence of the water and grain essence.
Distributed in the blood vessels, it becomes a component of the blood and circulates up and down the blood vessels to operate the whole body.
The main function
The main physiological functions include nutrition and blood metabolization.
The refined part of water and grain essence is the main component of nourishing qi, a necessary nutrient for physiological activities such as organs and meridians, and is also a component of blood.
4wei qi
Composition and distribution
It is the Qi that runs outside the meridians. Relatively speaking, Wei Qi belongs to Yang, so it is also called "Wei Yang"
It is mainly produced by water from essence, and its characteristics are "quick, smooth and sharp". Its vitality is particularly strong and flows very quickly. It is not terminated by blood vessels and runs between the skin and flesh. It is smoked in the epidermis and dispersed in the chest and abdomen.
The main function
One is to protect the skin and prevent the invasion of external evils
The second is to warm and nourish the internal organs, muscles, fur, etc.
The third is to regulate and control the opening and closing of the muscles and the excretion of sweat to maintain a relatively constant body temperature, etc.
Both Ying Qi and Wei Qi have water as their main source of generation, but "Ying is in the meridians" and "Wei is outside the meridians". Ying mainly defends internally and belongs to Yin, while Wei mainly defends externally and belongs to Yang. The operation between the two must be coordinated and not out of order in order to maintain normal opening and closing of the muscles, normal body temperature, "sleep during the day and sleep at night" and normal ability to defend against external evils. On the contrary, if the camp and the guards are not in harmony, Symptoms include aversion to cold and fever, no sweating or excessive sweating, insomnia during the day and night, and low ability to resist external evils, etc.
In traditional Chinese medicine, there are many names for Qi
The body absorbs nutrients from food, which is called "water and grain essence" and "grain qi"
Disease-causing substances are called "evil Qi"
Abnormal water in the body is called "water vapor"
The physiological functions and disease resistance of the entire body are called "righteousness"
The four properties and effects of cold, hot, warm and cool in traditional Chinese medicine are called the "four qi"
"Qi" has multiple meanings in Chinese medicine, including "nature", "function" and "climate", etc. These are all different from the basic substance "qi" discussed in this chapter.
The fixing and pushing functions of Qi are two opposite and complementary aspects. On the one hand, it can promote the circulation of blood and the distribution and excretion of body fluids; on the other hand, it can fix liquid substances in the body to prevent them from being lost for no reason. The coordination of the two aspects constitutes the normal operation, secretion, excretion, regulation and control of qi on liquid substances in the body, and is an important link in maintaining normal blood circulation and water metabolism.