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English pronouns

This is a mind map about pronouns. In learning English, it sorts out how to use pronouns. The main contents include: interrogative pronouns, mutual pronouns, connecting pronouns, relative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, reflexive pronouns, possessive pronouns, and personal pronouns.

Edited at 2024-01-30 16:36:14

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English pronouns

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pronoun
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pronoun

Personal Pronouns

① The nominative case is used as the subject and predicate of the sentence

② The accusative case is used as the object of transitive verbs or prepositions

③ When a personal pronoun is used as a predicate or is placed after the conjunction than or as in a comparative adverbial clause, it can be used as an object or as a subject. In spoken language, use the accusative case.

④ In addition to referring to people, it can also mean "time, weather, temperature, distance, situation", etc.

⑤ When three different persons appear at the same time, or the subject contains "I", the expression is in the order of you-he-I

possessive pronoun

① Adjective possessive pronouns can only be used as modifiers of nouns in sentences, and nouns must be added

② Noun possessive pronouns are equivalent to nouns. They can both replace affairs and indicate ownership relationships. They cannot be followed by nouns.

③ "of noun possessive pronoun" refers to the double possessive case and is placed after the noun when used as an attributive

reflexive pronoun

① Reflexive pronouns are used as objects in sentences to express reflection (referring to an action returning to the performer of the action)

② Use appositives in sentences to express emphasis (that is, used to emphasize the mood of nouns or pronouns)

Demonstrative

To indicate a person or thing near or far, above or below, before or now

relative pronoun

① Relative pronouns who/which/that/that/whom/whose/as, etc., connect the attributive clause and the main clause

② The relative pronoun who/whom refers to a person. If it is used as the object of a clause, it is sometimes omitted.

③ The relative pronoun which refers to an object. If it is used as the object of a clause, it is sometimes omitted.

④ The relative pronoun that can refer to both people and things. If it is used as the object of a clause, it is sometimes omitted.

connecting pronoun

A conjunction used to introduce an object clause, subject clause, or predicate clause (what/who/whom/which/whose

mutual pronouns

each other, one another are mutual pronouns, indicating that "each other" can be used interchangeably

each other means between the two

each another means between many people

Interrogative pronouns

① who/whom/whose/what/which/whover/whatever/whichever is mainly used in special questions, usually placed in the first sentence

② who/whom can only be used independently, while what/which/whose can be used as independent subject/expression/object, or can be used with nouns to form interrogative sentences

③ Interrogative pronouns are not divided into singular and plural. The singular and plural depend on the person or thing it replaces. Usually the singular is used. If it modifies a noun, the singular and plural of the noun shall prevail.

indefinite pronoun

Usage of some and any

Some is used in affirmative sentences. When "several", "some" and "someone" are used as attributives, they can modify countable nouns or uncountable nouns.

"any" is used in questions or negative sentences, "any" or "any one". When used as an attributive, it can modify countable or uncountable nouns.

When used in an affirmative sentence, any means "anything"

Usage of NO and none

NO is an adjective, which can only be used to express determination, meaning "no", and modifies countable nouns or uncountable nouns.

None can only be used independently. It can be used as subject, object, or predicate in a sentence. It means "there is no person (or thing)" and it means plural or singular.

Usage of all and both

All refers to three or more people or things. It can be used to modify countable nouns or uncountable nouns.

both refers to two people or things, used to replace or modify countable nouns

Usage of every and each

Every is an adjective, which can only be used to modify singular nouns. It means "every one" and expresses the overall concept.

Each is an adjective, pronoun, used as subject, object, attributive, etc. The meaning "each" or "each" expresses a single concept. It can be placed before the noun or followed by the phrase of. It appears at the same time as the verb and must be placed in the BE verb. , auxiliary verb, after modal verb or before action word

Usage of either and neither

either means "either of two"

Neither is the negative form of either, meaning "neither"

Usage of other, the other and another

Other means "another" or "someone else". It has a plural form and serves as subject, object, and predicate in a sentence.

Another means "another" and "another", indicating increase. It can be used as an object and attributive in a sentence.

others refers to "most of the remaining people/things" the others refers to all of the "remaining people/things"

Usage of many and much

Many means "a lot" and is used with plural countable nouns

Much means "a lot" and is used with uncountable nouns

They are generally used in negative sentences, and a lot of or lots of are usually used in affirmative sentences; many/much can be preceded by so/very/too when used in affirmative sentences.

Usage of few, little, a few, a little

few, little means "few" and "almost none", which has a negative meaning.

a few, a little means "a few" and "some" have a definite meaning.

few, a few are used with countable nouns or to replace countable things. little, a little are used with uncountable nouns or to replace uncountable things.

compound indefinite pronoun

somebody, something, someone is generally used in affirmative sentences

anything, anyone, anyone are generally used in questions, negative sentences and conditional adverbials

Usage of one and ones

Used to replace one or more people or things above, and can be preceded by an article, adjective, demonstrative pronoun or which

so can replace one thing and serve as the object or predicate of a sentence

The difference between a lot of/lots of/a number of (large number of)/a great deal of/plenty of, both mean "a large amount" and "a lot"

a lot of (lots of) can modify both uncountable and countable plural forms, and can be replaced with much and many accordingly.

a number of/large number of can only modify the plural form of countable nouns, which can be replaced by some, many, a lot of, and plenty of

Plenty of "enough" can be modified

a great of can only modify uncountable nouns and can be replaced by much

The difference between none, no one and nobody

no one and noboby mean "no one", they only refer to people, and are not followed by an OF phrase. When used as the subject, the predicate should be in singular form.

None means "there is no person/thing", which can refer to people or things, followed by the phrase of. When used as the subject, the predicate can be singular or plural.