MindMap Gallery Chemistry compulsory course 1-1 Matter and its changes mind map
This is a mind map about substances and their changes in the compulsory high school chemistry course 1-1, including substance classification and transformation/ion reactions/oxidation-reduction reactions, etc.
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Compulsory 1-1
Matter and its transformation
Classification of substances and their transformation
Classification of substances
Classification
cross classification
tree classification
Classification of oxides
Dispersion system and classification
dispersion system
Concept: A mixture formed by dispersing a substance in the form of particles into another substance
Classification: Classification based on the diameter of material particles
Three types of dispersion systems
solution
Colloids: Tyndall effect
Turbid liquid
colloid
Classification
aerosol
liquid sol
solid sol
Ferric hydroxide colloid preparation
FeCl3 3H2O= (heating) Fe(OH)3 3HCl
transformation of matter
Properties of acid and alkali salts
acid
Reacts with active metals
reacts with alkaline oxides
React with base
Reacts with certain salts
base
Reacts with acidic oxides
reacts with acid
Reacts with certain salts
Salt
React with metals
reacts with acid
Reacts with certain salts
ionic reaction
ionization of electrolytes
Electrolytes and non-electrolytes
Electrolyte: can ionize in aqueous solution or molten state
acid
base
Salt
active metal oxide
Non-electrolyte: cannot ionize in aqueous solution or molten state
non-metal oxides
Non-acidic gaseous hydride: NH3
Organic matter (most)
Strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes
Strong electrolyte: can completely ionize into ions in aqueous solution
Strong acid: all cations are H
Strong base: all anions are OH-
Most salts: generate metal cations and acid ions when ionized
Weak electrolytes: only some ions can be ionized in aqueous solution
weak acid
Weak base
pinch of salt
water
ionization of electrolytes
Ionization: The process by which a substance dissolves or melts in water to form free-moving ions
Ionization equation
ionic reaction
reactions involving ions
condition
Metathesis reaction in aqueous solution
generate insoluble substances
Generate difficult-to-ionize substances
Generate gas
Redox ion reaction: strong oxidizing agent becomes weak reducing agent, strong reducing agent becomes weak oxidizing agent
ionic equation
Definition: Use ion symbols to represent reaction formulas
write:
1. Write: Write out the chemical equation
2. Disassemble: Disassemble substances that are easily soluble in water and easily ionized.
3. Delete: Delete ions that do not participate in the reaction
4. Check: Check whether the number of ions/charges on both sides is balanced
Redox reactions
Oxidation-reduction reaction: Oxidation reaction and reduction reaction occur simultaneously in one reaction
Features: There is a change in chemical valence
Essence: There must be electron transfer during the reaction (the oxidation-reducing agent is lost when rising, and the oxidizing agent is reduced when falling)
Oxidizing/reducing strength comparison
Oxidizing properties: oxidizing agent > oxidation product
Reducibility: reducing agent > reduction product