MindMap Gallery PS Notes Beginner to Master
PS notes: from beginner to master, including understanding the interface and opening files, creating and storing files, layer and moving tools, free transformation, etc.
Edited at 2024-01-28 15:45:19Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
PS Notes: Beginner to Master
Lecture 1: Understanding the interface and opening files
software
Which version is easier to use?
The higher the version, the more powerful the function
The higher the version, the higher the computer requirements.
The images processed by PS are called bitmaps, which have very rich color values. They are also called pixel images and bitmap images. Pixels are square, and each pixel has one and only one color.
Get to know PS
Menu Bar
Above we call it the menu bar
toolbar
On the left, the toolbar, the arrows we call single and double strands. There is a solid in the lower right corner of each tool that can be clicked with the right mouse button. We use the hidden extended function.
layers panel
On the right side, there is the layer panel. The position of the layer panel can be moved and adjusted. It can be pulled out and put back. If it is closed accidentally, just find the tool you want in the window.
Content can be added to the window.
workspace
Window-Workspace-New Workspace
Window-Workspace-Delete Workspace
edit
keyboard shortcuts
You can change the shortcut keys. If you want to change, you can change it by holding down the ctrl English letter. After the change, click accept. If you don’t want to change, just click restore.
menu
Perform layer visibility, turn on the little eyes to see, turn off the little eyes to hide.
toolbar
Customize toolbar
first choice
ctrlK
The color of the interface can be changed, and the shortcut key for switching windows is F.
Hold down the shift key and add the tool shortcut key to switch tools: For example: in the pen tool state, hold down shift p to switch to the free pen tool
file open
File-Open
Select the image you want to open and click OK
Select the picture, then click the mouse on the picture without letting go, drag it directly to PS, then drag it to a position that is level with the file in front of you, and then let go.
To drag a picture, just drag the picture directly into PS, or click File-Place Embedded Smart Object, and then click Place
Click File-Open. You can also open pictures by double-clicking them. If you want to open multiple pictures, hold down the mouse b without letting go, directly select the frame, and then click the Open button.
Double-click the workspace - an open box will appear. Double-click the picture to open the picture.
ctrl tab can switch file tabs
View zoom
Zoom tool
Switch alt. When you hold down the alt key, you can switch between the plus sign and the minus sign. Holding down the alt key will temporarily switch to the minus sign, and when you release it, it will change back to the plus sign. The plus sign is to enlarge and the minus sign is to decrease. The zoom tool uses the mouse as the center point to perform zoom operations.
ctrl 0 does the same thing as fit to screen, it is the global view
Fill the screen is to fill the entire screen with the content of the entire screen
Double-click on the zoom tool to quickly return to 100% view state
fine zoom
When checked, drag the mouse to the left to zoom out, and drag the mouse to the right to zoom in.
When it is not checked, you can use the mouse to select the area that needs to be zoomed.
View (zooming centered on the canvas)
Zoom in ctrl is to zoom in the entire screen
Zoom out ctrl - zoom out the entire screen
Perform zoom operations with the center of the screen as the center point
Gripper tool H
Pictures can be dragged and dropped
Under other tools, press the space bar to temporarily switch to the gripper tool
Double click - fit to screen
shortcut key
ctrl space mouse click = zoom
alt space mouse click = zoom out
alt scroll wheel
window-navigator
Center the canvas, zoom to the left, and zoom to the right (not commonly used)
Lecture 2: Creation and storage of files
New file creation
New file creation
File-New ctrl n
The difference between pixels and centimeters millimeters
The difference between pixels, centimeters and millimeters is that pixels are generally used as units when making Internet products, such as advertising banners on the web, corporate website design, personal website design, promotion website design, event website design, product brand pages of e-commerce websites , detail pages, etc., mobile icon design, UI interactive page design, and marketing illustration design for social media (Weibo, WeChat official account), etc.
Pixel applications
Measured in pixels wherever they exist on a web page
Applications of centimeters and millimeters
cm mm exist for printing
resolution
72
screen display
300
Close view, books, flyers
It mainly refers to the number of pixel values per unit area.
image size
Document original size
Create a new document of the same size: ctrl a to select all, ctrl c to copy, click New Document Clipboard
Resample
Checking means that the pixels have changed
If unchecked, the pixels will not change.
Background content
fill background color
ctrldelete
Edit-Fill
shift f5
Fill to foreground color
alt delete
The 2018 version and some 2019 versions can only use alt delet (bug)
Do not use the delete key on the numpad
PS shortcut input method problem
Individual shortcut keys must be in English
x
Mainly the tools in the toolbox
When there are hotkeys to match, you don’t need to use English.
ctrl
alt
shift
Mainly the shortcut keys in the menu
Default front and background color: black in front and white in back D
Switch front and background color X
If you want to absorb colors outside the screen, click on the background color to move out of the screen, and click the mouse without letting go.
Document storage
store ctrl s
Directly overwrite the original file
Store as ctrl shift s
Save a new copy and the original material will not be destroyed.
File storage format
PSD format
The storage format of the software mode is the source file format of PS. It is a file format that can be edited twice and is reserved by the designer.
Advantages: Layer information can be retained in the layer panel, and files that have been edited can be edited again and new effects added.
Disadvantages: Large file storage, taking up more computer space
JPEG
File preview format, existing in image form
Advantages: Quick preview of effects, smaller storage files, saving computer space, and convenient transmission and sharing
Disadvantages: Layer relationships are not retained, making it difficult to edit and modify again.
(Lossy compressed pictures, high quality)
PNG
(Transparent expression) Can be saved as a file with a transparent background
GIF
(Animation) The pixels are very poor, the files are small, and transparency is supported
File-Export-Save to web format ctrl shift alt s
This has to be the case
What is the difference between saving PNG and JPEG using Save As and Save For Web formats?
Stored in a format used by the web that can be compressed more
When there is no memory size requirement, use storage as
The difference and application of storage and storage as
Storage: Overwrite the storage based on the original file and retain the last storage effect. For example, if you draw a graphic on the canvas and want to save the file, you can execute the storage command.
Save as: Ignore the original image and reprint it into a file. It is usually used for document revision and format modification. If we add an image to the file, we can save a new file by executing the Save As command.
In short, storage is to iterate repeatedly on the basis of the original file, while storage is to save it into a brand new file to form multiple files. Generally, in the actual use process, it is first stored into a PSD format file, and then subsequently During the production process, just press the shortcut key ctrl s at any time to save to avoid file loss due to accidents.
Lecture 3 Layers and Move Tools
Layer properties
Independence, covering, transparency, etc.
Layers
Normal layer
Layers that can perform arbitrary operations
Extraordinary layers
Generally called special layers, layers with special properties
It cannot be edited. You must right-click s to rasterize the layer.
Rasterizing a layer represents turning a smart layer into a normal layer
Create a new layer
ctrl shift n can select color
Or click the second-to-last icon in the lower right corner of the layer panel, click the layer, and right-click the mouse to select a color.
Hold down the alt key and click the new layer icon, and a dialog box will appear.
Mark the layer, right-click on the layer to select a color
Double-click the layer name to change the layer name
Delete layer
Right click the mouse and select Delete from the menu bar
Drag to trash
delete, backspace
Duplication of layers
ctrlj
Select the move tool, hold down the alt key and drag in the screen
Click the left mouse button on the layer without letting go, then drag it to the new layer to copy it.
The upper and lower position of the layer
The upper layer covers the lower layer
Choose whomever you operate on
To move one level up is ctrl ], to move one level down is ctrl [
Put it on top is ctrl shift], put it on bottom is ctrl shift [
Hold down the left mouse button and drag the layer directly to change the layer position.
Showing and hiding layers
Click on the eye in front of the layer
Hold down the alt key and click on the small eye of the current layer to hide other layers, and click again to return.
layer opacity
The opacity value can be changed by entering numbers directly
Or just drag the opacity
background layer
The position is locked and cannot be moved
Only at the bottom
Convert to normal layer
click lock
Double-click the background layer thumbnail
The background layer cannot have transparent areas
If there is a transparent area, the area will be filled with the background color when the ordinary layer is converted into a background layer.
Convert normal layer to background layer
Layer-New-Layer Background (Background Layer)
Adding and subtracting selections of layers
Hold down shift to select consecutive layers
Hold down ctrl without selecting the layer
Merge layers
ctrl e
Merge selected layers
Right click on the layer and select Merge Layers
stamp layer
ctrl shift alt e
Stamp visible layers to concentrate the effects of multiple layers onto one layer
Will not have any impact on the underlying layers
Lock transparent pixels
Fill where there are pixels
alt shift delete fills the foreground color, fills the foreground color where there are pixels, and does not fill the places where there are no pixels
ctrl shift delete fills the background color, fills the background color where there are pixels, and does not fill the places where there are no pixels
Layer grouping
ctrl g
Ungroup layers ctrl shift g
Right click on layer
Move tool V
Select the corresponding layer to move
Hold down ctrl to switch to automatic selection
Check the transform control, hold down shift and drag
Move documents
distributed
For three or more layers, the main thing is to keep the distance between graphics consistent.
Alignment
For two or more layers, alignment is mainly aimed at aligning the canvas and aligning graphics between graphics.
edit
Automatically align layers
To use it under a normal layer, if it is a smart layer, right-click the mouse and select Rasterize Layer
Automatically blend layers
Lecture 4 Free Transformation
free transformation
ctrl t
Layers can be zoomed in or out
proportional transformation
1. You must hold down the shift key (except for 2019)
2. The corner points must be dragged (except for 2019)
Symmetric transformation
Hold down the alt key, drag the edge point, and transform it left or right or up and down
Hold down the alt key and drag the corners to transform from the center to the surroundings
Hold down the shift key and the alt key and drag the corner points to transform from the center to the surroundings
center point of free transformation
Alt key, click where to go
When rotating, hold down the shift key to rotate an angle that is a multiple of 15 degrees.
end transformation
Enter to confirm
Double-click the mouse (double-click inside the Free Transform box)
Cancel this free transformation
esc
Hold down the shift key to rotate every 15 degrees.
ctrl t right click other transformations
Bevel cut
For edge editing, in the 2019 version, when using distortion, if you don’t hold down shift, it will be beveled, and if you hold down shift, it will be distorted.
distortion
Edit for each point
deformation
The edges can have arcs
esc cancels free transformation
Smart Objects (Smart Layers)
Rasterization: Turn book layers (smart objects, shape layers, text, etc.) into ordinary layers
Control deformation
Cannot operate on the background layer
Press delete to delete the pin
Transform again
What parameters were executed last time for free transformation, what parameters will be executed this time?
ctrl shift alt t
Transform again (copy)
Do not operate on the original layer, be sure to copy the layer
history record
window
ctrl z returns to the previous step
ctrl alt z repeat undo
view
ruler
Right click on the ruler to change the unit
reference line
delete
Select the move tool and drag directly
View-Clear Guides
ctrl hhide
Preferences can change colors
Lecture 5 Rule Marquee Tool
constituency
The constituency is limiting
Limit editing of layers to only occur within the selection
Delete delete, backspace
Copy ctrl j
Color grading
move
transform
filling
free transformation
size
Location
rotate
Purpose of the constituency
Regular selection (ellipse, rectangle)
Which layer does the selection affect?
Be sure to select the corresponding layer. Whichever layer you select will work on that layer.
Rectangular Marquee Tool
During drawing
Hold down the shift key to draw a square selection
Hold down the shift key to draw a rectangular selection centered on the mouse point.
Hold down shift alt to draw a square selection centered on the mouse point.
Boolean operations on selections
New selection (default)
Click the left mouse button to cancel the selection
Place the mouse inside the drawn selection and drag the mouse to move it
Add to selection
Before drawing, hold down shift
subtract from selection
Before drawing, hold down the alt key
intersect with selection
Before drawing, hold down the shift key and the alt key
cancellation of constituency
In the new selection state, click the left mouse button
ctrl d cancel selection
movement of selection
Movement during drawing
Hold down the space bar and drag the mouse
Movement after drawing is complete
In the new selection state, place the mouse on the selection and drag
fixed size
Style-Fixed size Adjust specific values
Click
Add a selection to the selection and want to draw a perfect circle or square
First draw a selection, then hold down shift to select, then drag the mouse to draw a selection, then release the keyboard, then press the shift key again, it will be a perfect circle and square. If the size is determined, release the mouse first, then release the keyboard
Elliptical Marquee Tool
Draw an ellipse
Hold down shift to draw a perfect circle, hold down alt shift to draw a perfect circle based on the center point
Anti-aliasing
Can reduce the opacity of 1-2 pixels on the edge
Feathering
Feathering
shift f6
Note: Laptops may need to cooperate with fn
Nature
Gradual reduction of edge pixel opacity
Change before drawing selection
Editing of selections
Shortcut key for inverting selection
ctrl shift i
Load the selection: Hold down the ctrl key and click the thumbnail of the layer to load the selection (select the area with pixels in the layer)
Transform selection
In the selection state, right-click the mouse and select Transform Selection. Note, not ctrl t
Lecture 6 Irregular constituencies and other applications of constituencies
irregular constituency
Lasso tool
The outline dragged by the mouse is the outline of the selection
If you release the left mouse button before returning to the starting point, the released point will be connected to the starting point in a straight line.
use
Select the rough outline of the object
Used with content recognition
Combined with the magic wand tool, you can add or subtract selections from the selected area.
Polygonal Lasso Tool
Instructions
Press the left mouse button to make a point, and then connect the points with straight lines
If you want to delete a point, you can delete it directly or backspace it.
If you want to cancel this drawing, just press the esc key.
use
Deduct some objects with straight sides
You can make shapes with straight sides, such as triangles and polygons.
Hold down shift to draw at 45 degrees
Magnetic Lasso Tool
Instructions
Click the mouse to hit the first point, and then move along the edge of the object. Points will be automatically hit during the movement.
If there are places that need to be marked during the movement but are not marked, you can manually click the mouse to manually mark them.
If you want to delete a point, you can delete it directly
If you want to cancel this drawing, just press esc.
frequency
Determine the rate
The larger the setting, the denser the drawing points will be.
The more points you draw, the more accurate you are
width
Contrast
Quick selection tool
Frequency is relatively high
Usage rules
Be sure to drag inside the object you want to select.
Left bracket [narrow, right bracket]
English input method to use
The recognition ability of subtraction selection is stronger than that of addition selection
If it is easy to select too many when adding selections, you can switch to subtracting selections to subtract the multiple selections.
magic wand tool
The magic wand tool selects similar colors when selecting
Tolerance
Allowable color deviation
Tolerance value
50
Colors that represent a tolerance within 50 can be selected.
30
Colors with a tolerance within 30% can be selected.
The larger the tolerance value is set, the more colors will be selected.
If you find after using the magic wand tool that the selected area is larger than the area we want, reduce the tolerance.
If you find after using the magic wand tool that the selected area is smaller than the area we want, increase the tolerance.
Other applications for selections
content recognition
Used in conjunction with selection
shift f5
Or Edit-Fill-Content Awareness
Face changing
If you drag the Hu Ge material, drag the Huo Jianhua material, and rasterize the Huo Jianhua material
Select the lasso tool, select the facial area, then deselect and delete
Then adjust the size
Hold down the ctrl key to load the layer thumbnail, change the background layer to a normal layer, then select-Modify-Shrink 3 pixels, and then delete
Then select both layers and go to Edit - Auto-Blend Layers
Lecture 7 Image Cropping
canvas size
The function is to expand and crop the canvas
When the layer is a background layer, the canvas extension color can be selected. When the background layer becomes a normal layer, the extension color cannot be selected.
Click is relative
Just based on this basic pixel, add it directly.
Mainly applied on the premise that numerical values are difficult to calculate
Cancellation is absolute
No need to calculate how much to add, just enter the desired canvas size directly
image rotation
rotated against the canvas
Crop tool C
Hold down shift to equalize proportions, hold down shift alt to equalize proportions based on the center point
The canvas can be stretched wirelessly and added infinitely
Use the crop tool and drag down the background layer to fill it with the background color
If you drag it on the normal layer, transparency will appear.
Confirm cropping
Select the check mark in the property bar
Enter key to confirm
Double-click the left mouse button in the box to confirm
You can choose the ratio. If you don’t want the ratio, just click Clear.
Remove cropped pixels
Check it to delete the cropped pixels
Uncheck to restore original size
Versions 2017 and above have content recognition function
For the newly added area, create a tile using the surrounding tones
ruler tool
The ruler tool is very simple to operate. Just hold down the left button to draw a straight line and then release the mouse.
After drawing a ruler line segment, we can continue to draw the second line segment by holding down the alt key (draw up to two line segments, and it will be useless to press the alt key again)
Hold down the shift key on the keyboard and then hold down the left mouse button to pull. The straight line pulled out will be either a horizontal line or a vertical line.
Perspective Crop Tool
Can correct images with perspective distortion
Two modes of operation
First, click to let go
The second method is to hold down the left mouse button without letting go, select the frame, and then close the corners.
slice tool
Hold down the ctrl key to select slices, move them, stretch them, and shrink them.
Hold down the alt key to copy a slice
After selecting the slice, right-click the mouse to add a hyperlink.
Right-click the mouse and select Divide Slices
File-Save in the format used by the web, select jpg Format selection only images
HTML is a web page format
If you want to save individual slices, just select them directly. Hold down shift to add selections.
Then select the selected slice when saving
File-Auto-Contact Form
Many pictures can be arranged
The premise is that the image sizes are consistent
Click on the text, and there will be text under each picture, otherwise there will be no text.
Lecture 8 Initial Brush
Brush shortcut keys
[ ] Left and right brackets (used in English) left means to reduce, right means to enlarge
Hold down alt and don't let go, then right-click the mouse and move to the right to zoom in and to the inside to zoom out.
Soft edges with rounded edges are generally used for virtual transitions.
The hard edges are round and solid, generally used for cutting out pictures.
The brush is colored by the foreground color
Opacity: From the time you press the mouse to the time you release the mouse, no matter how you paint, what you draw will always be the opacity value you set.
Flow: From the time you press the mouse to when you release the mouse, as long as you keep applying, even 1% of the flow can produce 100% effect.
If the brush tip turns into a cross icon
1. If the capitalization of the keyboard is turned on, the brush will turn into a cross
2. If the brush is too small, it will turn into a cross
3. If the brush is too big, it will turn into a cross
Drawing brushes: black, white and gray. Black represents solid, gray represents translucent, white represents transparent
If you don’t want the background when adding the definition, you can change the background color to white, or you can also change the background to transparent.
Brush tool: shift can draw horizontal and vertical lines
If you want to draw a diagonal line
First click on the first point of the diagonal line, then hold down shift, and then click on the second point of the diagonal line. This will connect the distance between the two points with a straight line.
Brushes panel
You can delete the brushes in our folder
name
Store brushes
To delete brushes, click one if you want to delete one. Press shift to select multiple brushes if you want to delete them.
For versions 2017 and above, brushes are in the form of folders
Brush settings
shape dynamics
size jitter
Angle jitter
roundness jitter
walk
Control pen tip position
Control the amount of paint applied by the pen tip each time
color dynamics
Foreground color, background color dithering
jitter of hue
Saturation jitter
Jitter in brightness
Pencil tool: The edge is very hard and the jagged feeling will be stronger. It is mainly used to make pixel pictures. If you make pixel pictures, the brush must be 1, and it must be the largest canvas.
Burn tool: It is for darkening - shadows make dark areas darker, highlights make light areas darker, and midtones darken the overall area.
The dodge tool is for brightening - the highlights are used to make the bright areas of the picture brighter, the shadows are used to make the dark areas of the picture brighter, and the midtones are used to brighten the whole. When using these two tools, Don’t set the exposure too high, just around 20
Lecture 9 Modification Brush Tools
shift f5 content recognition
Treat some bad things into your ideal results
Use the marquee tool or lasso tool to select unwanted areas, and content recognition can tile the tones around the marquee into our screen.
Selection repair
Use a selection form to cover, select the unwanted area, then right-click the mouse, select fill, and select content recognition. Note: When doing this frame selection, the coverage value should not be particularly large, as it will easily affect the result.
Define pattern
Use the rectangular marquee tool to select the pattern you want, then edit-define the pattern. Then create a new canvas, then Edit-Fill (shit f5) to select the pattern you just defined.
Spot Healing Brush Tool
It is covered with a brush
Don’t make the brush size too much larger than what you want to cover
Healing Brush Tool
alt key, you must use the alt key to use it. The repair brush tool tiles the tone of the sampled part into a new area. It will be more based on the sense of light and texture, making the integration between the original sampled part and the new position more perfect.
The difference from the imitation stamp is that the imitation stamp looks like what it is when sampling, and the repair brush tool will blend it according to the surrounding tones.
patch tool
Source: Drag the bad areas and cover the good areas to achieve the repair effect we need.
Goal: Select the good places, cover them to other places, and replace the bad places.
Content-aware mobile tools
Mode: Move means moving the position, extending means copying, copying or moving the selected subject.
Basically not used
Clone stamp tool
To sample while holding down the alt key, the sampled part is completely copied and pasted to other areas. A hard-edged circle has a very hard and solid edge, while a soft-edged circle has an edge that changes from real to virtual.
Current layer
Current and lower layers
Samples the canvas, but not the layer above it
All layers
red eye tool
Red eye removal
Need not
blur tool
Used for blurring
sharpening tool
Make something clearer, mainly for things like roots, stems and leaves. Don't apply it repeatedly. Just apply it once. The effect will be superimposed. If you apply it multiple times, the color will change.
Smudge tool
We can further expand the pixel values that we can
sponge tool
It is used to add or subtract color to the color.
Subtractive color is to darken colored things
Adding color makes the color brighter
Lecture 10 Eraser Tool and Gradient Tool
Eraser
In the form of brushes, soft-edged circles are used for transitions, while hard-edged circles are generally used for cutting out images.
Background eraser
To sample once is to select the color and wipe it once. Hold down the left mouse button and do not let go to sample once.
Sampling background color palette: mainly for solid colors
magic eraser
Ability to quickly create cutout effects on solid color backgrounds
History Brush Tool
Put (source) in front of the step to record the current state, then click on other layers, select the history brush tool, reduce the opacity and flow, and smudge
Gradient tool
Gradient style
Linear gradient: The position where the mouse is dropped is the color value on the left, and the position where the mouse is released is the color on the right.
Radial gradient: With the mouse point as the center, the color value of the mouse point is the color value on the left, and the color value of the mouse release point is the color value on the right. It is a circular expression.
Angle gradient: gradient value changes in a clockwise manner
Symmetrical gradient: The expression is drawn from the center outwards. It is a mirror expression.
Diamond gradient: mainly used to draw diamond shapes
color bar
The upper two sliders cannot control transparency, while the lower two sliders adjust color. You can add color sliders multiple times. To delete, just hold down the color mark and don't let go. You can delete it by dragging it directly, or you can select the color mark stand-alone and click the delete button below.
The color slider can be double-clicked to change the color, and the opacity can only be changed stand-alone.
Lecture 11 Mask Tool
layer mask
It controls the local opacity of the layer: white represents showing (this layer), black represents (this layer) hiding (this layer), and gray represents translucency. Layer masks should be used in conjunction with brushes
The black mask represents concealment, and the white mask represents restoration.
The black color of the brush represents wiping, and the white color represents display.
The eraser is the opposite of the paintbrush. Black represents display and white represents erasing.
Delete the mask: You can right-click on the mask and click Delete Mask, or select the layer mask and drag it to the trash can to delete it.
Double-click the layer mask to enter the properties panel: Feathering in the properties panel is specifically used for layer mask feathering. Concentration: It can be understood as the opacity value of the layer mask. When you lower the concentration opacity, it is equivalent to the mask returning to its original appearance.
ctrl i inverts the mask. This means that you can reverse black and white, and reverse black and white colors.
Shift: Hold down shift and add a stand-alone mask to hide the layer mask, and then hold down shift and add a stand-alone mask to display the layer mask.
alt: alt stand-alone layer mask, you can enter the inside of the layer mask to operate, alt-click the layer mask again to restore it.
ctrl: ctrl stand-alone layer mask, you can load the white and gray partial selections of the mask
Directly dragging the mask is equivalent to adjusting the mask position. Holding down the alt key and dragging is equivalent to copying the layer mask. If it originally has a mask, it can be overwritten.
If you want to use delete on the mask, you need to cooperate with the selection. First build the selection, and then return the foreground and background color to its original state (d) The foreground color is white, press delete, and the content of the selection will be hidden. If you want to restore your cleavage, use X to switch the foreground and background color to black, delete, and it will be restored.
Masks can also directly affect the selection. To build a selection, alt delete fills the foreground color, and ctrl delete fills the background color.
The mask can also be filled directly, alt delete fills the foreground color, ctrl delete fills the background color
Quick mask
Shortcut key Q
Apply with the brush tool and press Q to exit
clipping mask
ctrl alt g Shape Above - Control the display range of the layer, and use the shape of the lower layer to limit the display state of the upper layer
How to create
The first method is to right-click the mouse and create a clipping mask.
Second, hold down the alt key without letting go, then place the mouse between the two layers and click
The third type, ctrl alt g
Release clipping mask
The first method is to right-click the mouse and select Release Clipping Mask.
Second, hold down alt and place the mouse between the two layers.
The third type, ctrl alt g
Clipping masks can be used with selections
color fill layer
Comes with layer mask
Color can be changed at any time
Lecture 12 Color Mode
Screen
RGB
red
green
blue
Brightness level 0-255, 256 levels in total
256*256*256=16777216
2 to the 8th power = 256 8-bit channel color
Primary primary colors red, green and blue
Secondary primary color cyan magenta yellow
Third-level primary colors: First-level primary colors Second-level primary colors
Values in different colors
color
R
G
B
pure black
0
0
0
pure white
255
255
255
pure red
255
0
0
pure green
0
255
0
pure blue
0
0
255
Neutral gray 50% gray
128
128
128
808080
The larger the value, the brighter it is; the smaller the value, the darker it is.
additive color mode
pure yellow
255
255
0
blue
0
255
255
magenta
255
0
255
Color three elements HSB
Hue
H
The appearance of color Hue circle 0-360 degrees
saturation
S
Color vividness 0-100%
brightness
B
Color brightness 0-100%
CMYK mode
Printing of three primary colors, reduction principle (no light, light reflection principle)
C
blue
M
magenta
Y
yellow
K
black
First level color cmy
secondary color rgb
Tertiary color: primary color secondary color
color balance
Lower the current tonal value or raise the remaining two tonal values
Complementary color
Color value corresponding to 180 degrees
Colors that differ by 180 degrees at two angles on the color wheel are called complementary colors.
red(r)
Green (c)
Green (g)
Magenta(m)
blue (b)
Yellow(y)
Complementary Colors Features
The furthest color on the color wheel
You are strong and I am weak. You are weak and I am strong.
When two of the three primary colors are mixed, the complementary color of the color that is not involved is the resulting color.
red green
yellow
red blue
red
Green blue
green
Given a color, how to find the complementary color?
r 20 g 30 b 200
r 235 g 225 b 55
Red (255 0 0)
Green (0 255 255)
Green (0 255 0)
Magenta (255 0 255)
Blue (0 0 255)
Yellow (255 255 0)
LAB
L
Expression of brightness value
AB
color value expression
A
Dark green-grey-pink
B
blue-grey-yellow
channel panel
Color channel (primary color channel)
RGB mode situation, three color channels and one composite channel
alpha (selection) channel
spot color channel
For printing with special inks
When creating a new document, select the color mode
If used for screen display, use rgb mode
If it is used for printing (printing), what mode should be created?
cmyk mode
In this mode, all the colors you see can be printed.
Disadvantages: Some commands do not support cmyk mode
rgb mode
Advantages: All commands are developed based on rgb mode
Disadvantages: The color you see may not be printed out when doing it, resulting in color difference.
If all colors are within the cmyk color gamut, then there will be no color difference in printing?
There must be
Monitor is inaccurate
Printed ink color changes
Lecture 13 Adjustment of hue
reverse phase
ctrli
Complementary color expressions
brightness contrast
Brightness - adjust the brightness value in smaller units
Contrast
weak contrast
Weak contrast can make light things darken and dark things lighten
Strong contrast
Strong contrast means that bright things are brighter and dark things are darker.
color scale
ctrlL
The slider on the left controls the dark areas of the image, the slider on the right controls the highlight area, and the slider in the middle controls the midtones.
In the Levels Channel panel, you can adjust the color intensity of the entire picture. We select one of the color channels to make adjustments, which can change the color of the image.
output
Slide the Darkness slider to the right to brighten the dark areas of the image, and slide the Brightness slider to the left to darken the brighter areas of the image.
three straws
black field
Wherever you click, it becomes a black field
Click on the darkest area of the image
White field
Wherever you click, it becomes a white field
Click on the brightest spot in the picture
Ash field
Wherever you click, it becomes a gray field
It should click on the place that was originally gray but is not gray now.
The difference between color gradient curves
The biggest difference is the impact on saturation and contrast during the brightening process
While the curve is brightened, the saturation is retained better, and then the contrast will be improved.
During the process of brightening, the saturation will decrease and the contrast will also decrease.
curve
ctrl m
Three straws. Black point, gray point, white point, black is to darken, white is to brighten the entire picture, and gray is to focus on the whole. (Mainly aimed at adjusting the brightness of the picture)
Foolish operation
Add anchor point
Delete anchor point
reverse phase curve
equilibrium curve
aisle
When selecting a certain color channel, pulling it up is equivalent to increasing its brightness. Pulling it down is equivalent to adding its complementary color
color balance
ctrl b
Shadow: Target the dark parts of the picture
Midtones are used to adjust the overall picture
Highlight adjusts the brightness of the overall picture
Preserve lightness
You can preserve the bright parts of the picture
red
green
green
magenta
blue
yellow
Histogram
Histogram (bar graph)
The darkest is black, the brightness is 0, the brightest is white, the brightness is 255
The color brightness level of the pixel (color scale) 0 to 255 (full color scale)
Lecture 14 Adjustment of Hue
hue saturation
Three elements of color
Hue
saturation
brightness
color
saturation
Increase/decrease color vividness
If you are in full image mode and reduce the saturation to -100, the image will become black and white.
brightness
How to increase or decrease color
It is equivalent to adding black or white to the color
If you want to increase the brightness, add white to the color
If you lower the brightness, add black to the color
If you lower the brightness, the saturation of the color will decrease.
If you increase the brightness, the saturation of the color will also decrease.
Whether you increase or decrease the brightness, it will affect the saturation
If you select a color alone, there will be 4 sliders, and the 4 sliders will form 3 intervals.
The middle one represents a relatively large degree of change.
The farther away the two intervals are on both sides, the weaker the degree of change.
Coloring
After checking Colorize, the picture will become a monochrome photo.
If the color is pure white, how to use it?
Reduce the brightness first so that it is not pure white.
If the color is pure black, how to use it?
First increase the brightness to become impure black
adjustment layer
What is the difference between using an adjustment layer and using shortcut keys directly on a layer?
Advantages of Adjustment Layers
1. Comes with mask
2. The adjusted parameters can be retained
Adjust the color characteristics of a layer
Color-tune the stamps of all underlying layers
can choose colour
If you want to adjust which color, first select which color in Color
four sliders
green
Only changes (boosts/darkens) the red channel, not the other channels
magenta
Only changes (boosts/darkens) the green channel, not the other channels
yellow
Only changes (boosts/darkens) the blue channel, not the other channels
black
Change three channels simultaneously
red pencil
r
Relatively large, close to 255
g
Relatively small, close to 0
b
Relatively small, close to 0
blue
r
0
g
255
b
255
magenta pencil
r
Close to 255
g
close to 0
b
Close to 255
relative and absolute
The degree of absolute change is greater (or the same magnitude) than relative change
Little fresh
The color is brighter and the saturation is higher
Green should go as far as possible towards cyan
Lecture 15 Other Color Adjustment Commands
Remove color
ctrl shift u
You can throw away the colors in the picture
reverse phase
ctrli
Complementary color expressions
exposure
exposure
For the brightness of the screen
Displacement
Grayscale
black and white
Two forms of expression
One is black and white shading adjustment, which can adjust shading for color.
One is color light and dark adjustment. Change the blending mode to lightness.
The difference between black and white and color removal: black and white can change the brightness, color removal cannot.
color lookup
Filter - will produce corresponding changes to the entire picture
Posterization
Rich tonal values can be taken to extremes. The larger the value, the more delicate and rich the color, but it cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Tonal homogenization
It can make the brightness value of the picture reach a constant state. The method of use is just one step.
gradient map
It can quickly adjust the tone of the entire picture. When using it, change the blending mode to soft light.
Shadows/Highlights
It is used to change shadows and highlights. Shadows are used to brighten, and highlights are used to compress.
HDR
High-range tone adjustment to restore real picture effects
Vibrance
Used in post-photography
Natural saturation controls a small degree of vividness, and saturation controls a large degree of vividness. Natural saturation further brightens some tonal values that are not very bright, and there is basically no change in areas that are balanced at the first level.
adjustment layer
advantage
Comes with a mask so you can paint areas you don’t want to adjust at any time
You can also double-click the thumbnail of the adjustment layer to bring up the panel and restore the parameters.
Lecture 16 Mixing Mode (Part 1)
Blending modes are produced by superimposing two or more layers.
Background layer is not allowed
Mixing several concepts
base color layer
The layer below the blending layer that is to be blended with the blending layer is called the base color layer.
The color in the base color layer is called the base color
mixed layer
The layer whose blending mode changes is called a blending layer
The color in the mixed layer is called the mixed color
result layer
The effect after blending mode occurs
The color after mixing is called the result color
Same source layer
That is, the upper and lower layers are blended exactly the same.
normal group
normal
Reduce the opacity of the layer to create a blending effect
Dissolve
On the basis of this layer, reduce the opacity and randomly lose the particle value. The lost part will expose the layer below.
burn mode
darken
Comparing two layers, the brighter pixels in the current layer are replaced by the darker pixels in the underlying layer, and the pixels whose brightness value is lower than the underlying pixels remain unchanged.
base color
r 79 g 83 b 128
Mixed color
r 126 g 52 b 29
Result color
r 79 g 52 b 29
in conclusion
The three r g b channels of the base color and the mixed color are compared respectively, whoever is smaller wins.
multiply blend mode
Multiplying the base color and the blend color and then dividing by 255 gives you the color value of the result color, which is always darker than the original color.
Generally used more when doing projection
The difference between multiplying and darkening
After multiplication and blending, it becomes softer.
The result color of the darkening mode is not necessarily determined by the two layers.
r 50 g 39 b 78 (base color)
r 128 b 139 g 102 (mixed color)
Result color = base color
family dad mom
son
Just imitate mom
daughter
Both parents have genes
deepen
Color deepens
Two normal photography photos that we will not use
Mixing two solid color layers doesn’t make much sense
A solid color and a normal photographic photo: the tint of the photo can be changed
linear deepening
Two normal photography photos that we will not use
Mixing two solid color layers doesn’t make much sense
A solid color and a normal photographic photo: the tint of the photo can be changed
The darker the color, the stronger the contrast.
Dark
Compares the sum of all channel values of two layers and displays the color with the smaller value
Dodge mode
Brighten
Lighten, remove black and leave white, which is the opposite of darkening. Compare the base color and the mixed color. Whichever value is larger will be selected as the result value.
Base color 57
Mixed colors 112
Result color 112
filter color
Light colors appear and dark colors do not, resulting in a brighter image. Opposite of Multiply
Remove black and leave white
screen mode
Simulate the luminous principle of the screen
Channels can also simulate the lighting principle of the screen
Cutout in color filter mode
1.Black bottom
2. Semi-transparent objects
color dodge
Two normal photography photos that we will not use
Mixing two solid color layers doesn’t make much sense
A solid color and a normal photographic photo: the tint of the photo can be changed
linear dodge
Two normal photography photos that we will not use
Mixing two solid color layers doesn’t make much sense
A solid color and a normal photographic photo: the tint of the photo can be changed
light color
Compares the sum of all channel values of two layers and displays the color with the larger value, no third color is generated
Lecture 17 Mixed Mode (Part 2)
contrast mode
Increase contrast (dark is darker, light is brighter), mask gray
Overlay
The mid-tones change, the highlight and shadow areas remain basically the same, white is used to brighten, black is used to darken, the lightness above 50 is brightened, and the lightness below 50 is darkened
Multiply or filter colors, basically depending on the base color
If the RGB value of the base color is greater than 128, it is a color filter, and if it is less than 128, it is an underlay.
Base color r 28 g 136 b 99
Mixed color r 158 g 26 b 138
Result color
r executes the formula for multiplying
g executes the formula for color filtering
b Execute Multiply
The result color is greatly affected by the base color
soft light
If the mixed color is lighter than the pixels of the base color, the result color will be brighter. If the mixed color is darker than the pixels of the base color, the result will be darker, which will increase the brightness contrast of the image.
Color
edit image
Mixing of homologous layers can remove gray
glare
If the blended color brightness is higher than 50% gray, the image will be bright, if it is lower than 50% gray, the image will be dark
Will have a stronger effect than soft light
Multiply or filter colors, depending on the blend color
If the RGB value of the mixed color is greater than 128, it is a filter color, and if it is less than 128, it is a multiplication.
Base color r 28 g 136 b 99
Mixed color r 158 g 26 b 138
Result color
r Formula to execute color filter mode
g Formula to perform multiplication
b Formula to perform color filtering
The resulting color is greatly affected by the mixed color
bright light
Adjust contrast to darken or lighten colors
Will be stronger than strong light
linear light
Darken or lighten colors by reducing or increasing brightness
Will be stronger than bright light
Spotlight
It will replace the corresponding color according to the color value of the mixed color
solid color mix
Mixed Color Base Color <255 Result Color = 0
The resulting color must be 8 colors, black and white, and six main colors
Mixed Color Base Color>=255 Result Color=255
compare mode
Difference
Use the high value to reduce the value as the composite color
Base color r 28 g 96 b 207
Mixed color r 99 g 27 b 107
Result color r 71 g 69 b 100
exclude
White is mixed with the base color to get the complementary color of the base color, black is mixed with the base color to get white
minus
When the upper color value is greater than the lower color value, the color is 0. When the lower color value is greater = the difference between the lower color value and the upper color value, then white is mixed with the base color to get black, and black is mixed with the base color to get the base color.
Base color r 28 g 96 b 207
Mixed color r 99 g 27 b 107
Result color r 71 g 69 b 100
divide
When the primary color is greater than or equal to the mixed value, the mixed color is white. The primary color value is less than the mixed color, and the resulting color is more comfortable than the primary color. White and the primary color are mixed to obtain the primary color, and black and the primary color are mixed to obtain white.
color mode
Three requirements for color
Hue
saturation
brightness
Hue
Replace the lower hue with the upper hue
saturation
Replace the saturation from the upper layer to the lower layer
color
Replace the top color with the bottom color
brightness
Replace the brightness of the upper layer with the brightness of the lower layer
Advanced Mix
Hollow out
shallow
If you set a shallow hollowing layer and it is not inside the layer, it will be the same as deep hollowing. It will be hollowed out directly to the background layer.
If you set a shallow hollowing layer inside the layer, you can only hollow out the layers in the group that are below the hollowed out layer.
deep
Hollow it out directly to the background layer
If there is no background layer, directly hollow it out and make it transparent.
Mixed color strips
This layer
Control the hiding of this layer
The brightness at both ends of the slider is hidden
Next layer
Control the display of the next layer
Lecture 18 Pen Tool
Pen P
Features: It can be allowed not to be printed out, and it can also be allowed to be unclosed.
Paths can be drawn
Paths can be converted into selections, which can be used to cut out images.
Advantages: As long as the human eye can see the boundary, you can use the pen tool to make a path and cut it out.
Disadvantages: low efficiency
Shapes can be drawn or edited
two different forms
A straight line drawing
One is curve drawing
mouse status
(asterisk) represents redrawing a new path
During the process of drawing a path, there is nothing in the lower right corner of the pen tool.
⚪ (circle) represents the path being closed after clicking
Backspace/delete Press once to undo, press again to cancel all
ctrl alt z can be undone multiple times
path
end of path
Hold down the ctrl key, temporarily switch to the novice tool, and click elsewhere in the document (not on the path) to end the drawing of a path.
ESC key to cancel. Press once to end the path. After the end, you can continue to draw a new path. Press twice to clear the path.
ctrl click on the blank area to end drawing the path, and then you can draw a new path
Then draw
For a path that has ended, you can click the mouse on the endpoint of the path to continue drawing.
draw curve
Press and hold the left mouse button while clicking to control the curvature of the curve.
Deletion of path
Directly select the corresponding path, right-click the mouse and select Delete Path.
You can also delete it by dragging the working path panel to the trash can.
CTRL Enter: Path to selection (the path may not be closed, but the selection must be closed)
Hide and show paths
CTRL h can hide the path and reference in the canvas together.
ctrl shift h can hide or show paths individually
In the path panel, if you want to see a path, select it individually. If you want to see them all, select them continuously. To load the selection, press CTRL. Click the layer thumbnail, or the third icon below, and then hold down the alt key to display the anchor point.
Selection path
You can convert the selection into a path in the path panel
shift: can draw 45 degrees
Under the premise of the pen tool, we select Xiaobai. Xiaobai can select and edit the anchor points individually. Xiaohei selects the path. Under the premise of the pen tool, by default, press the ctrl key, and Xiaobai will appear.
If the anchor point is hollow, it means it is not selected, and if it is solid, it means it is selected.
Path selection tool (little black tool)
Select path
Click (box selection) anywhere on the path to completely select the path.
When selecting multiple paths
1. Directly select multiple paths
2. You can select one path first, then hold down the shift key, and then click on other paths to add selections.
moving path
Just use the black tool and drag the selected path to move it.
copy path
You can copy the path by pressing ctrl j or holding down the alt key and dragging the path.
Direct selection tool (novice tool)
You can move the control handle on the curve and adjust the curvature of the curve
Anchor points can be moved (individual anchor points or partial anchor points) to edit the path
When using the pen tool, hold down the ctrl key to temporarily switch to Xiaobai
Convert Point Tool
When using the Pen Tool, hold down the Alt key to switch to the Convert Point Tool.
1. The control handle can be interrupted, so that a path segment can be adjusted during adjustment (once interrupted, it can also be adjusted individually with the Xiaobai tool)
2. The control handle can be cut off (it must be cut off when the pen tool is temporarily switched.
3. The properties of anchor points can be converted
You can turn straight anchor points into curved anchor points
Need to drag
Curve anchor points can be turned into straight anchor points
Click directly
Lecture 19 Shape Tools and Editing of Path Fragments
shape tool
shape layer
filling
No padding
solid color fill
gradient fill
pattern fill
Double-click the thumbnail of the shape layer to directly pop up the color picker and pick the color (Gradient Editor, Pattern Selection Dialog Box)
Stroke
No stroke
solid color stroke
gradient stroke
pattern stroke
Stroke options
Set stroke lines
Alignment
Inside
No chamfer
center
Juwai (outside)
endpoint
There must be a break in the stroke
corner
The inner stroke is not chamfered
Properties panel
New features in CC version
Rectangle tool, rounded rectangle tool, ellipse tool can pop up
movement of shapes
A little black tool that can be moved independently
copy of shape
Hold down the alt key and drag it directly with the black tool to copy
Feathering of shapes
Use feathering directly in the properties panel. During the process, hold down the shift key to draw a square.
Rectangle tool
Rectangle tool
Rounded Rectangle Tool
For CC version and above, the functions are the same
During the drawing process, hold down the alt key to draw a rectangle from the center (mouse landing point) to the surroundings
Hold down the alt key and shift key to draw a square from the center to all sides
Ellipse tool
drawing rules
During the drawing process, hold down the shift key to draw a perfect circle
During the drawing process, hold down the alt key to draw an ellipse from the center (mouse landing point) to all sides.
Hold down the alt key and shift key to draw a perfect circle from the center to all sides
polygon tool
Hold down the shift key to orient the corners of the polygon in a specific direction
Horizontal, vertical, 45 degrees
Triangle Tool (2021)
Line tool
Hold down the shift key to draw a horizontal, vertical or 45-degree straight line
Custom shape tool
Hold down the shift key to draw proportionally
When defining a shape, you must have a path or shape before you can define it.
Pen tool draws shapes
Stacking method to draw icons
Hold down the alt key, click on the anchor point and drag it out to pull out the crank
Editing of path fragments
edit
free transformation
copy
ctrlj
delete
Delete a certain segment
Use Xiaobai to select that path alone and delete it directly.
Add an anchor point on it and delete it directly (delete)
compound path
If there are multiple path strokes in a layer, they will be automatically closed.
path panel
Thumbnails in the Paths panel
Path thumbnails can be used as references for Boolean operations
grey
The gray places represent places that have not been selected after being converted to constituencies.
White
The white local representatives are the selected places after being converted into constituencies.
When cutting out the image, you can look at the white area in the thumbnail of the path panel to see if it is the selection you selected.
Hidden path
1.ctrl h hide path
2. Press Enter to hide = do not select this path on the path panel
working path
temporary path
When it is hidden, the new path will be replaced by redrawing it.
Save path
Supported path formats, psd, jpg
Creation of vector masks
After drawing the path, click the Pen Tool, Properties, Create, and Mask
After drawing the path, hold down the Ctrl key and click the Create Mask button at the bottom of the Path Panel, or click the Mask button at the bottom of the Layer Mask
Vector mask color
grey
hide
White
show
The editing method can be edited with vector tools, such as Xiaohei and Xiaobai.
Boolean operations for the Pen tool
Merge shapes
Union (add to selection)
Minus top shape
Difference (selected area subtracted)
Intersect with shape region
Intersect (intersect with the selection)
Exclude overlapping shapes
Exclude (do not select the intersecting places, select two places that do not intersect)
Operation rules: Only the path drawn later and the path drawn previously can be calculated.
Lecture 20 Boolean operations and cutting method drawing of shapes
Shapes within the same shape layer
Merging shape layers
You must select the shape layers you want to merge before you can use ctrl E
in the same shape layer
Fill can only have one color (solid color, gradient, pattern)
The size of the stroke can only be the same
There are only the same options in the stroke options (stroke position, chamfer, port)
There is already a shape layer. How to draw directly into the existing shape layer?
Condition: There must be a path displayed in the shape layer
1. Directly in the shape layer property bar, switch to Merge Shape
2. Before drawing, hold down the shift key to draw a perfect circle (square) directly into the shape layer (if you don’t want a square (perfect circle), release the shift key during the drawing process
3. Hold down the alt key before drawing, and you can directly draw a shape from the center to the surroundings, and you can do it directly by subtracting the top layer.
Problems with alignment of shapes within the same shape layer
You can no longer use the move tool because the move tool aligns the layers. There is only one layer now.
Use the shape tool and align in the property bar.
Whichever shapes you select will be aligned
When switching the selection to the canvas, the canvas is used as the basis
copy of shape
The copied layer is a new layer
ctrl J copies the selected shape into a new shape layer
Hold down the alt key and drag the layer you want to copy in the layers panel.
Directly drag the layer you want to copy to the bottom of the layers panel, the second button
Use the Move tool, hold down the Alt key, and drag the layer you want to copy in the document.
Copy within the same layer
Hold down the alt key and use the small black tool to drag the layer you want to copy.
different bit copy
Select the shape you want to copy, then ctrl C to copy, ctrl v to paste
Same as copy and paste
Shape hierarchy problem in the same layer
Latecomers come first
Whoever comes later has the highest level
Boolean operations
condition
1. Shapes must be in the same shape layer to perform Boolean operations.
2. Only the high-level shapes are calculated to the bottom-level shapes
Boolean operations on shapes
Merge shapes
Minus top shape
Features
1. Set the shape minus the top layer and it will disappear.
2. You can hollow out shapes that overlap with other levels of farmland.
If the bottom layer is set to minus the top shape, at this time, the bottom shape will disappear, and all other places will be filled with the color of the original shape (equivalent to an error)
Intersect with shape region
Exclude overlapping shapes
Boolean operations for the Pen tool
When the pen tool performs Boolean operations, the path drawn later is compared with the path drawn previously. The reason is that the path drawn later is at a lower level, while the path drawn later is at a higher level. Only the upper levels and the lower levels are operated.
cutting method drawing
stacking method
That is, a layer, and a stack of layers is called an icon.
cutting method
Do subtraction (subtract from a large shape)
Two ways to draw
Lecture 21 Layer styles and applications
smart object
1. Smart object layer pictures are not distorted
2. Can make prototypes
He has a recording function for our pictures. Within his designated range, no matter how you adjust it, he will adapt to the matching method and give you a presentation.
Create a new layer in the document, right-click the mouse to convert smart objects, and make prototypes. Double-click to enter the layer and modify the content. Then press ctrl s to save, and the content can be applied.
Bevel and relief
It is used to create three-dimensional effects of graphics.
There are two things that are commonly used in the style. One is the outer bevel and the other is the inner bevel. The outer bevel means that this thing is equivalent to a texture, and its three-dimensional effect comes from the outside. The inner bevel is generated by the graphic itself. a three-dimensional effect
The top is bright and the bottom is dark, which is convex, the top is dark and the bottom is light, which is depression.
Size is the size value. It mainly refers to the front side, which is a scaling program.
The softening value is the softness of its edges
Stroke
The Stroke effect can draw the outline of an object using color, gradient, or pattern. It is especially useful for hard-edged shapes, such as text.
inner shadow
The Inner Shadow effect adds a shadow just inside the edge of the layer content, giving the layer content a sunken effect.
internal glow
The Inner Glow effect creates a glow inward along the edges of layer content.
luster
The Glossy effect applies a smooth, glossy interior shade, often used to create the glossy look of metallic surfaces.
color overlay
Color Overlay will overlay a color on the layer object, i.e. fill it with a layer of solid color onto the object to which the style is applied.
gradient overlay
Gradient Overlay overlays a gradient color on a layer object
pattern overlay
Pattern Overlay overlays a pattern on a layer object
external luminescence
Outer Glow adds a glow effect outward from the outline edge of a layer object, text, or shape. Outer Glow causes the outline edge to spread evenly outward, as opposed to Inner Glow.
projection
The Drop Shadow effect adds a drop shadow to layer content, giving it a three-dimensional effect. Blending mode: used to set the blending method of the shadow and the underlying layer. The default is "Multiply" mode.
super elliptical
Use the Ellipse Tool, ctrl-t, right-click to select Transform, and select Expand.
Lecture 22 Text Tools, Paragraph Text, Path Text
text input
End input
1. Directly click the submit button in the property bar
2.ctrl Enter to end input
3. In the numerical area of the large keyboard, press enter in the lower right corner
4. You can also press the esc key (2017 or above version)
Double-click the thumbnail of the text layer to select all text in the layer
Text color changes
You can change the color directly in the text tool property bar.
Directly use the filling method (fill with foreground color, fill with background color) to change the color
unit of text (points)
1 point = 4 pixels
I want to edit a certain Mr. Hu and some text in a layer separately.
You can select one or more texts individually for editing (size, color, font)
Font for text tool
It is the PS software that automatically reads the fonts in your computer.
Whatever fonts you have on your computer, PS will have them
Font installation
To install a certain font, just click Install
You can copy and paste it directly into your font folder.
C drive》windows》fonts
Emoji font (2019 version)
Glyph panel
Text wrap
Carriage return and line feed
Anti-aliasing options
none
When the font size is relatively small and looks a bit blurry, you can select None.
text deformation
Character panel
Set line spacing
First select the text (not just the layer), hold down the alt key and ↓ to increase the line spacing
First select the text (not just the layer) and hold down the alt key and ↑ to reduce the line spacing.
Set word spacing
First select the text (not just the layer), hold down the alt key and → increase the character spacing
First select the text (not just the layer), hold down the alt key and ← to reduce the word spacing
Set baseline offset
It is used to set the position of the corner mark and bottom mark.
faux bold
Faux bold text cannot be converted into shapes
all capital letters
Only available for lowercase letters
all lowercase letters
Only available for lowercase letters
text to shape
Faux bold text cannot be converted into shapes
paragraph text
path text
Lecture 23: Filter
liquefaction
The first forward deformation function mainly uses three, the size is the brush size, the concentration 30 is the coverage, the coverage is small to the left, the coverage to the right is large, and the pressure is mainly 30 to control the strength.
The second button function is to rebuild
The third smoothing tool can smooth the areas that have been done a lot.
The fourth rotates clockwise. For rotation adjustment of local positions, the brush size must be larger than the adjusted position. It is related to the speed, which represents the speed of rotation. The slower you go to the left, the faster you go to the right. Holding down the alt key and not letting go means counterclockwise.
The fifth is the wrinkle tool, which shrinks
The sixth one is enlarged during expansion
The seventh left push is the same as the forward tool, but the expression form is different. Hold down the left mouse button and push from bottom to top. The left side represents indentation. Pushing from right to left means zooming from below. Pushing from top to left means zooming from below. Down, zoom on the right
The eighth freeze mask can freeze other areas for Outback, and the mask color can be changed on the right
cr filter
Color temperature is warm and cold
The tone is neutral
Exposure is to increase brightness, exposure is to darken
Contrast: Strong contrast on the right, weak contrast on the left
Clarity is sharpness
Remove, it can remove the bad graininess
Sharpening is to make the picture a little clearer. The farther to the right, the clearer the picture becomes.
To reduce noise, he can directly remove it
Hue and saturation, it has a range and can be adjusted within the range
Lens correction is vignetting
The effect is grainy
vanishing point
You can give some perspective images for picture fitting
Vague
motion blur
After applying this filter, the entire image can appear in a motion blur state.
Surface blur
The blurring degree for contour lines is relatively weak, and the blurring degree for points is relatively strong and will be stronger. The radius is the range to adjust the blurring, and the threshold value is used to adjust the degree of blurring.
Radial blur
rotate
Presenting a state of radial blur
Zoom
Blur the image from the surroundings to the center
Gaussian blur
After using such a blur filter, the noise in the entire image will be reduced, and the details of the image will be more unified.
Lens is blurry
Filters used to create camera lens-like effects
blur gallery
Scenes
The degree of blur can be controlled through fixed points. Scene blur can be used to create a "large aperture focus" effect, or to facilitate local blurring of the scene.
aperture
Define an elliptical area, which can be adjusted specifically
tilt
You can adjust the aperture position and blur level by dragging
path
Automatically add a path to the image, controlling the direction of the blur
rotation blur
Smart filter
Convert ordinary pictures into smart objects
Can be modified and edited repeatedly
Repeat filter
The shortcut key ctrl f can perform the last filter operation again
Lecture 24: Filter
Stylization
wind
It can only move from bright pixels to dark pixels, but not from dark pixels to bright pixels.
The greater the contrast, the further the movement
method
wind
soft edge
Strong wind
hard edge
hurricane
collage
Number of tiles
The number of tiles on the short side (the side smaller than the length and width of the document)
overexposed
Invert the image (the darker the place, the less obvious the inversion)
distortion
wave
It can make the picture distort like a wave (the degree of distortion can be set very large)
sine
triangle
ripple
Twisting like waves in a river
water ripples
Can create ripples like throwing a stone in water
polar coordinates
From plane coordinates to polar coordinates
From polar coordinates to plane coordinates
Often Japanese style filters, combined together, can change from a certain direction to all directions.
extrusion
Pixels move toward the center from four directions, up, down, left, and right.
If there is a selection, the center point of the selection will be the center of the extrusion (if there is no selection, the center of the document will be the center of the extrusion)
Spherization
The pixels move from the center to the surroundings. The center expands relatively large, and the surrounding areas move away from the center and expand smaller.
rotation twist
Using a certain center as the center of rotation, perform twisting and rotating
replacement
You can move pixels with the light and dark of a displacement layer
sharpen
sharpen
At the boundary between light and dark, the contrast becomes greater. The originally bright areas become brighter and the dark areas become darker.
Sharpen only one pixel
further sharpen
The range is the same as sharpening, but the degree of sharpening is 3 times the sharpening command.
USM sharpening
quantity
Sharpening strength
radius
The range of influence on edges when sharpening
threshold
Where the contrast size is controlled for sharpening, only contours with a contrast greater than the threshold can be sharpened.
That is, some small contrasts can be eliminated by raising the threshold, leaving only areas with relatively large contrasts for sharpening.
Pixelated
Just clump the pixels together
Square
mosaic
Round (Halftone)
color halftone
The maximum radius refers to the darkest place, the radius of the dot
Channel 1, Channel 2, Channel 3, Channel 4, set the arrangement angle of each channel and origin. If the angles are equal, the origins of the three channels will overlap (the channel 4 command works on the K channel of CMYK)
polygon
lattice
Lecture 25: Under the filter
rendering
flame
You need a path to use it
picture frame
No path required
Tree
There can be a path or not. If there is no path, it is a complete tree. If there is a path, it is a tree with branches along the direction of the path.
clouds
It can only be related to the foreground color and background color, and has nothing to do with the content of the layer.
layered clouds
It is related to the selected layer content, as well as the foreground color and background color.
The effect of the layered cloud filter is the effect of the cloud filter performed on a blank layer, and the difference mode of the layer
lens flare
fiber
It has to do with the foreground color and background color, and has nothing to do with the layer content.
Can be used on a blank layer
variegated
Add noise
Make material
Dust and scratches
Median
Expand the bright pixels in the middle to the dark pixels and high pixels
Remove noise
other
minimum value
Diffuse dark pixels toward bright pixels
maximum value
Diffuse bright pixels toward dark pixels
Filter library
Instructions
External filter
External filter suffix .8bf
How to install external filter
Right-click the PS shortcut key>Properties>Open file location>plug-ins
Some filter versions are not supported
Lecture 26 Timeline and Frame Animation
Timeline panel
CC and above versions are all timelines
Versions below CS6 are animation sketchpads
The animation format is gif format
ctrl shift alt s is stored in the format used by the web
frame animation
frame
The principle of frame animation: there are many different frames that are played continuously and quickly to form an animation.
How can I get different frames?
Different frames are determined by different layers
When the content is changed, the frames related to the layer will change (except for 3 cases)
Change the position of a layer
Change layer opacity
Change the effect (layer style) of a layer (not all of them don't happen)
Source of frame: copied (click the penultimate button of the frame animation drawing board)
Video timeline animation
Principle: Find two key positions (called key frames) and automatically add animation between the two key frames
If you want to use free variation for animation, the layer must be a smart object.
action
These are the steps for recording
Lecture 27 Batch processing, edge and hair cutout
Batch processing
Batch processing
Import a large number of pictures into a document without dragging them one by one.
Change the dimensions of a large number of images
Hair cutout
Adjust edges (2015 and below)
Use the quick selection tool to select a rough outline of a character.
The body of the character must be chosen accurately
The character’s hair can be roughly selected
Enter the adjustment edge
View Mode》Background Layer
Radius divides the image into several parts
outside radius
Pixels are removed
within radius
Pixels are preserved
radius itself
Pixels are given or left behind
Why leave hair strands and the rest will be deleted?
Because the hair is the edge
Use the Adjust Radius Tool to smear, where to smear, and where to mark the warning radius.
smooth
Can eliminate jagged edges
Will make hair mushy
Harmful to hair
Feathering
Can soften hard edges
Will make hair mushy
Harmful to hair
Purify color
Helpful for hair strands
Move edge
Helps hair, but bigger is not better
Select and mask (2017 and 2017+ versions
After entering selection and masking, select the layer in the view
Use the second tool on the left: Adjust Edge Brush Tool and smear
Lecture 28: Channel cutout and calculation commands
Color range
sample color
You can choose the color range you want to pick out by yourself
red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta
You can pick out the same color in the screen by specifying a certain color
Highlights Midtones Shadows
You can pick out areas of light and shadow with uncertain outlines in the picture
three small straws
First eyedropper tool (new selection)
The second straw with the small plus sign is added to the sample
The third straw has a small minus sign and is subtracted from the sample
color tolerance
The brightness range of the selected color. The larger the tolerance value, the larger the selected color range.
Preview mode
Selection range: It is displayed in grayscale. White is the selected area, black is outside the selected area, and gray is the semi-transparent selected area.
Image: original image shown
Picture classification
Category 1: clear edges
Selection tool
brush
Category 2: Complex Edges
animal hair, human hair
Adjust edges
Select and mask (2017 and above)
Category 3: Transparent (semi-transparent)
Glass, water droplets, wedding dress, etc.
aisle
aisle
aisle
gray image
Channels can store selections
Channels are expressions of lightness values
color channel
For example, in RGB mode, red green blue
composite channel
does not contain any editing status
alpha channel
Transparent channel (channels can be edited arbitrarily)
Opaque state: black and white (the main body is white) (choose the one with greater contrast)
Translucent state: black, white and gray (water glass, wedding dress)
monochrome channel
Abnormal channel (destroyed channel)
spot color channel
calculation command
It is a mixture of channels and channels to get a new channel (alpha channel)
Whether you increase or decrease the brightness, it will affect the saturation
After adjusting the light and dark of the picture using curves, levels, and brightness, you can increase the saturation.