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MindMap Gallery matter and consciousness

matter and consciousness

The material and consciousness part of Marxism includes the materiality, the initiative of consciousness, The reaction of consciousness on matter, etc.

Edited at 2024-01-26 22:20:11

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Outline

matter and consciousness

materiality of the world

The starting point of the dialectical materialist worldview

Acknowledge the materiality of the world

Matter is a philosophical category that marks objective reality

Material is a philosophical category that marks objective reality. This objective reality is perceived by people through their senses. It exists independently of our senses and is copied, photographed, and reflected by our senses.

Contains three meanings

First, it points out that matter exists independently of human consciousness.

Second, it emphasizes that matter can be reflected by our feelings

Third, it points out that although the specific forms and characteristics of matter are diverse, only objective reality is their common essential attribute.

The only characteristic of matter is its objective reality.

Objective reality is all things that can be sensed, including natural things that can be sensed, and people's perceptual activities, that is, practical activities, that can be sensed. It exists independently of our spirit and constitutes the principle of the material unity of the world.

Objective reality is the only characteristic of matter. It refers to the objective existence that is independent of human consciousness, does not depend on human consciousness, and can be perceived by human senses, that is, the material world.

Objective reality refers to the objective existence that is independent of human consciousness, does not depend on human consciousness, and is reflected by human consciousness, that is, matter.

The laws of material movement are objective

Dialectical materialism points out that the world is material in nature and is constantly moving, changing, and developing. Movement is the way matter exists.

Philosophical motion refers to all changes and processes that occur in the universe, and is not limited to a specific form of motion.

Dialectical materialism also points out that space and time are the basic forms of material existence, and space, time and moving matter are inseparable.

Space represents the extension, structure and coexistence of things.

Everything has a certain volume, scale and internal structure, and has a certain positional coexistence with other things.

Time represents the continuity and sequence of things.

Everything has a long or short continuous process and a certain sequence of development.

Motion and matter are inseparable. Movement is a fundamental property inherent in matter itself.

Dialectical materialism believes that there is no matter that is not in motion and that motion is absolute. At the same time, the existence of a relatively static state is also recognized.

The so-called relative stillness means that no specific form of movement occurs.

Two situations

In the process of absolute motion, things do not need to have a specific form of motion relative to a certain reference system.

When the movement and change of something is still in the stage of quantitative change and no qualitative change has occurred, it has qualitative stability.

Stillness is conditional, relative, and temporary.

Movement is unconditional, absolute, and eternal.

Dialectical materialism believes that the space and time of the entire material world are infinite, and each thing is only a specific form of matter, and its space and time are limited.

The movement of matter is regular.

Laws are the internal, essential, and inevitable connections between things.

Characteristics of regularity

Objectivity (the most basic characteristic)

universality

stability

Repeatability

The world is unified in matter

The philosophical view that believes that many things in the world have a unified origin is called monism.

materialist monism

It advocates that the world is unified in matter, and consciousness and spirit are products of matter.

idealist monism

It advocates that the world is unified by consciousness and spirit, and that all things and phenomena are products of consciousness and spirit.

Dualism denies the unity of the world and believes that there are two origins, material and spiritual, which are parallel to each other and independent of each other.

materialist monist world view

Dialectical materialism believes that the world is a material world, movement is the way of existence of matter, space and time are the basic forms of moving material existence, and the entire world, including social life, is a material unity of diversity. Spiritual phenomena are the product of highly developed matter, the attributes and functions of special matter, and the reflection of matter. The true unity of the world lies in its materiality.

The history of social development is first of all the history of the development of material production.

conscious agency

What is consciousness?

Consciousness is a spiritual activity unique to humans, including perceptual and rational understanding, as well as emotion, will, and a series of complex forms of psychological activities.

nature of consciousness

①Consciousness is the result of the long-term development of the material world and a product of society

②Consciousness is a function of the human brain

③Consciousness is the development of matter

There are various forms of subjective reflection of objectivity, including feeling, thinking, mood, mood, emotion, intention, will, etc., which can be roughly divided into three aspects: cognition, emotion, and will.

Cognition is a reflection of objective things and their laws.

Emotion is an experience of the relationship between external things and people's needs, attitudes, concepts, beliefs, habits and other existing ideologies.

Will is a psychological process in which people determine goals and control actions to achieve predetermined goals based on subjective and objective conditions.

The three of them are based on cognition, depend on each other, influence each other, and interact with each other. They are an inseparable unity of consciousness.

The reaction of consciousness on matter

Consciousness is a product of matter, but once consciousness is produced, it has an active reaction on matter.

The active role of consciousness lies in understanding the world through practice and transforming the world through practice.

Specific performance

Consciousness can reflect the external world and has the function of understanding (the most fundamental function of consciousness)

It is manifested in the consciousness processing information from the external world through abstract thinking, understanding the connections and relationships of things, and grasping the essence and regularity of things.

On the basis of reflection, consciousness plays a role of foresight.

On the basis of reflection and foresight, consciousness has the function of determining goals, formulating plans, and selecting implementation plans.

In the process of achieving goals and implementing plans and programs, consciousness has the role of guiding and controlling people's actions.

People's behavior must not only be guided by correct thoughts, but also need to inspire, control, and regulate people's actions in the form of ideals, beliefs, emotions, will, etc.

Consciousness also has the function of regulating and adjusting the relationships and actions of social members.

The practical basis of the relationship between matter and consciousness

practical materialism

The relationship between matter and consciousness occurs and develops on the basis of practice.

Marxist new materialism not only understands existence from the object aspect, but also understands existence from the subject aspect. It first regards existence as the object of subject practice and transformation. People's practical activities constantly change the world around them, and free nature is constantly transformed into humanized nature.

Cognition occurs first because the subject acts on the object and is the result of the subject's practice.

It is on the basis of practice that matter is transformed into consciousness, and consciousness is transformed into matter. While the objective world is transformed, the subjective world is transformed at the same time; and the transformation of the subjective world further promotes the transformation of the objective world. This is the practical materialism of Marxism.

Basic characteristics of practice

Practice is the material activity in which people purposefully transform the external world by certain means.

objective reality

conscious agency

social historicity

The subject and object of practice and their mutual relations

The so-called subject is a person who has the ability to think and uses certain material and spiritual means to understand and transform the world.

The so-called object is the object towards which the subject’s knowledge and practical activities are directed.

The relationship between subject and object

Transform relationships. The activity of the subject is first of all the activity of transforming the object.

Recognize relationships. Understanding relationships occurs on the basis of transforming relationships, and in turn guides transforming relationships.

value relationship. Based on one's own cognitive judgment and value judgment, one decides "what to do" and "how to do it", and then satisfies certain needs of the subject by transforming the activities of the object.

The subject’s initiative is manifested in three aspects:

Derive thoughts, principles, and opinions from facts, that is, understand the nature and laws of things and form cognitive rationality. Cognitive rationality is the result of the active activity of the subject: firstly, it is formed in the practice of actively transforming objects. Without practice, there is no understanding; secondly, the subject must process the information he has obtained by discarding the rough and selecting the essential, eliminating the false and retaining the true. To that end, the transformation and creation of kung fu from appearance to reason, rising from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and reaching the understanding of the nature and laws of the object.

Based on the understanding of the nature and laws of things obtained through cognitive rationality, coupled with the subject's values, the subject's attitude towards the object is determined, and the subject "should do" and "how it should be done" are determined. This is to propose action plans, Guidelines, policies, strategies, tactics, etc. We call these "practical rationality". Practical reason more fully demonstrates the subject's initiative - foresight and creativity.

To make the subjective view objective, that is, to do or act. Through doing or acting, practical rationality is turned into reality and the expected purpose of transforming the object is achieved.

As the material basis of the subject's activities, the object restricts the subject's activities mainly in two aspects.

As the object of subject transformation, the object's objective laws and conditions restrict the direction of people's practice and the level they can achieve.

The object is the object of the subject's cognition, and it provides the objective content of the subject's cognition.