MindMap Gallery Muscle tissue and occurrence
A mind map about histogenesis, muscle tissue and its occurrence, introducing skeletal muscle, myocardium, smooth muscle, The occurrence of muscle tissue, etc.
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Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
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Muscle tissue and occurrence
Overview
(1) Structural characteristics
① A small amount of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves, etc. ②Parallel arrangement, long fiber shape
(2) Classification
A. structure and function
skeletal muscle
myocardium
smooth muscle
B. controlled nerves
Voluntary muscles (skeletal muscles)
Involuntary muscles (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle)
C. cell structure
Striated muscle (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle)
Non-striated muscle (smooth muscle)
(3) Function
①Shrink ② Provide casual exercise ③Maintain posture ④Heat production ⑤Maintain blood flow ⑥Maintain visceral movement
(4) Professional terminology
·Muscle fiber = muscle cell ·sarcolemma = cell membrane ·Sarcoplasm=cytoplasm ·Sarcoplasmic reticulum=smooth endoplasmic reticulum
skeletal muscle
一、 constitute
Protein → myofilament → myofibril → muscle fiber (endomysium) → muscle bundle (perimysium) → muscle (epimysium)
Epimysium: dense connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves perimysium: same as above Endomysium: reticular fibers, rich capillaries and branches
二、 functionally relevant structural basis
1. Sarcomere
·Part of the myofibril between two adjacent Z lines · ½ I belt A belt ½ I belt ·Basic structural and functional units of skeletal muscle
I band: clear band A band: dark band H band: the narrower bright band in the center of the dark band M line: a dark line in the center of the H band, which is actually a thin film Z line or Z film: a dark line in the center of the bright band
2. myofibrils
Thick muscle filaments (15nm)
Made of myosin Including the head (forming a cross bridge) and the tail. The middle is fixed on the M line, and both ends are free
Thin myofilaments (5nm)
Composed of actin, troponin and tropomyosin One end is anchored to the Z line and the other end is free
Actin: backbone of filaments; myosin binding site
Troponin: TnT binds to tropomyosin TnC binds Ca2 TnI inhibits actin and myosin binding
Tropomyosin: binds actin
3. Transverse tubule (T tubule)
*The tubular structure formed by the indentation of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm *Located at the junction of A/I belt *Plays an important role in transmitting sarcolemmal signals (excitatory transmission)
4. sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum *Contains ion channels, transporters and pumps *Plays an important role in regulating Ca2 concentration
5. Triplet: transverse tubule, cisterna terminalis, sarcoplasmic reticulum
Cisterna terminalis: The terminal ends of the longitudinal tubules of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are enlarged and connected
三、 skeletal muscle contraction mechanism
Step 1: Calcium ions trigger myosin heads to attach to actin Step 2: The myosin head rotates and bends, pulling actin toward the M line Step 3: Myosin detaches from actin as new ATP attaches
四、 Type of muscle fiber
Slow-twitch fibers: red muscle fibers, rich in myoglobin and mitochondria
Fast-twitch fibers: white muscle fibers, mainly rely on anaerobic glycolysis
myocardium
A. Differences from skeletal muscle
Same point
With horizontal stripes and sliding model
difference
Intercalated disk: desmosomes, gap junctions, intermediate junctions (junctional complexes) Myocardium may be single/double-nucleated, with bifurcated cells Doublet: enlarged end of one side of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubule
B. Classification of myocardial fibers
working myocardial fibers
conductive myocardial fibers
endocrine myocardial fiber
smooth muscle
The cells are elongated, tapered, without striations or branches, and the single nucleus is flat and located in the center. Has a special structure: dense spots (equivalent to Z film) dense bodies
genesis of muscle tissue
(1) paraxial mesoderm
body segments
Bone joints: bone, cartilage and fibrous connective tissue
Rawhide knot: dermis and hypodermis
Myotome: skeletal muscle
(2) lateral mesoderm
Visceral mesoderm: the smooth muscle and connective tissue on the wall of the digestive tract and the visceral layers of the peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium
Body wall mesoderm: parietal layer of bones, cartilage, dermis and subcutaneous connective tissue, muscles, peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium of the abdominal wall and limbs
(3) blastoderm
Heart zone: Heart plate: Myocardium
(4) muscle satellite cells
*Precursor cells *Produce satellite cells or differentiated skeletal muscle cells