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Data center inspection
It introduces in detail the data center type and location, construction standards, infrastructure, computer room structural decoration, cabinet system, cabinet diagram, UPS power distribution system, etc.
Edited at 2024-01-22 19:43:26
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Data center inspection
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- Outline
Data center computer room inspection
data center standards
International Uptime Tier Standard
Four levels of data center construction standards
T1 Data Center: Basic
The T1 data center can accept planned and unplanned interruptions of data services. Computer power distribution and cooling systems are required, but raised floors, UPS, or generator sets are not necessarily required. Without a UPS or generator system, this would be a single loop system and would create multiple single points of failure. During annual inspection and maintenance, this type of system will be completely down, and the frequency of downtime will be higher during emergencies. At the same time, operational failure or equipment failure can also cause system interruption.
T2 Data Center: Component Redundancy
T2 data center equipment features component redundancy to reduce planned and unplanned system outages. This type of data center is required to provide raised floors, UPS and generator sets. At the same time, the equipment capacity design should meet N 1 backup requirements and single-route distribution. When important power equipment or other components require maintenance, equipment switching can be used to achieve non-interruption or short-term interruption of the system.
T3 data center: online maintenance (fully redundant system)
The T3 level data center allows any planned actions of the supporting system equipment without causing any service interruption of the computer room equipment. Planned actions include planned regular maintenance, maintenance, component replacement, equipment expansion or reduction, system or equipment testing, etc. Large data centers will install chilled water systems, requiring dual or loop water supply. When other routes perform maintenance or testing actions, you must ensure that the working route has sufficient capacity and capability to support the normal operation of the system. Unplanned actions such as operational errors, equipment failure, etc. causing data center outages are acceptable. When the owner has business needs or has sufficient budget for additional expansion, the T3 computer room should be easily upgraded to a T4 computer room.
T4 Data Center: Fault Tolerant System
A T4-level data center requires that the support system has sufficient capacity and ability to avoid the risk of important load downtime caused by any planned actions. At the same time, the fault tolerance function requires the support system to be able to avoid the risk of important load shutdown caused by at least one unplanned failure or event. This requires at least two real-time and effective delivery routes. N N is a typical system architecture. For the electrical system, two independent (N 1) UPS must be set up. However, according to the provisions of the fire electrical code, the fire power system is allowed to be cut off in case of fire. T4 computer room requires dual-channel fault-tolerant power supply for all computer room equipment. At the same time, it should be noted that the T4 computer room support equipment must match the characteristics of the IT equipment in the computer room.
Building level
Building T1 level
No building protection measures will be taken against man-made or natural disasters that may cause paralysis of the data center; the ground live load in the equipment area shall not be less than 7.2kPa, and the floor must also meet a hanging live load of 1.2kPa.
Building T2 level
The T2 computer room should meet all the requirements of the T1 computer room. In addition, there should be architectural protection to avoid the paralysis of the computer room due to natural disasters or man-made damage; the partition walls and ceilings in the computer room area should be able to prevent moisture from intruding and damaging the use of mechanical equipment; all security doors It should be a solid wooden door with a metal frame. The door of the security equipment room and security room should provide a 180-degree full-view observation hole; all security doors must be full-height doors (from the ground to the ceiling); the partition walls of the security equipment room and security room must be Hard partition walls should be installed with plywood with a thickness of not less than 16mm, and must be fixed with screws at least every 300mm; the ground live load in the equipment area should not be less than 8.4kPa, and the floor must also meet a hanging live load of 1.2kPa.
Building T3 level
In addition to meeting T2 requirements, the following requirements should also be met: alternate entrances and exits and safety monitoring points need to be provided; alternate safe access roads must be provided; there must be no external windows on the outer walls of the computer room; the building system should provide electromagnetic shielding protection; the steel structure should provide electromagnetic shielding Protection; the shielding layer can be an aluminum foil plate or a metal mesh; an anti-follow-up system should be installed at the entrance of the computer room; physical partitions should be provided for redundant equipment to reduce the possibility of simultaneous downtime; protective fences should be set up to control abnormal intrusions event, at the same time, microwave detection and video surveillance systems should be set up around the building; an access control system should be set up in the factory area; an access control system should be set up in the machine room area and power area, and an access control center monitoring system should be provided; the ground live load in the equipment area should not be less than 12kPa, and at the same time, the building The surface also needs to meet the hanging live load of 2.4kPa.
Domestic standards
Level A is a fault-tolerant type. During the period when the system needs to run, its site equipment should not cause the operation of the electronic information system to be interrupted due to operating errors, equipment failures, external power interruptions, maintenance and repairs. Level A is the highest level and mainly refers to the design of computer rooms related to the national economy and people's livelihood. The interruption of the operation of its electronic information system will cause significant economic losses or serious disorder in public places. For example, the National Meteorological Observatory; national information centers and computing centers; important military command departments; airports, radio stations, television stations, emergency command centers in large and medium-sized cities; bank head offices, etc. are classified as A-level computer rooms.
Level B is a redundant type. During the period when the system needs to run, its site equipment is within the redundancy capacity, and the operation of the electronic information system should not be interrupted due to equipment failure. Class B is defined as a computer room where the interruption of the operation of the electronic information system will cause certain social disorder and certain economic losses. Scientific research institutes; colleges and universities; tertiary hospitals; meteorological observatories, information centers, disease prevention and control centers, power dispatching centers, transportation (railway, highway, water transport) command and dispatch centers in large and medium-sized cities; international conference centers; international sports competitions Venues; government office buildings at or above the provincial and ministerial levels, etc. are classified as Class B computer rooms.
Level C is the basic type, which should ensure uninterrupted operation of the electronic information system when the site equipment is operating normally. Electronic information system rooms outside the scope of Class A or B are called Class C.
Basic Information
1. Avoid geological disaster areas: earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, etc. Try to choose areas with climatic conditions that are convenient for natural cooling, and avoid areas with an altitude of more than 2,500 meters; 2. It is not recommended to be close to highways, main traffic roads, railways, airports, and docks due to safety and pollution issues; 3. Stay away from hazardous goods production, storage, and transportation environments, including chemical plants, gas stations, etc.; 4. Stay away from military bases, acting and experimental bases; 5. Avoid landfills, incineration plants, thermal power stations, and mines; 6. Paying attention to the groundwater level will affect the difficulty of future basement (cable trough, water replenishment pool) construction; 7. Stay away from areas with ethnic conflicts and unstable social security;
Data center name
Data center city
Data center operator
Data center completion time
Data center area location
Rental data room opening time
Rented data room area/floor height
The current number of modules/cabinets available in the rental data room
The number of modules/cabinets that can be expanded later in the rental data room
Maximum load power of rented data room
Maximum load power of a single module in the rental data room
Maximum load power of a single cabinet in the rental data room
Average load power of a single module in the rental data room
Average load power of a single cabinet in the rental data room
infrastructure
The construction of the data center requires dual power supply from different substations (please specify the substation conditions and line distance);
The routing of each power supply cable must enter the site from different directions and locations (with a spacing of no less than 15 meters), and the routing must not cross;
The floor live load in the rack installation area, warehouse, fire cylinder and other machine room areas should not be less than 1000kN/m2;
The installation area of batteries, uninterruptible power supplies, diesel generators, etc. should not be less than 1600kN/m2;
The fire resistance rating of partition walls between the machine room and other areas inside the building shall not be less than 2h; the ceiling, wall panels (including sandwich materials) and partitions of the machine room shall be non-combustible, and organic composite materials shall not be used;
PUE = total data center energy consumption/IT equipment energy consumption, where the total data center energy consumption includes IT equipment energy consumption and energy consumption of cooling, power distribution and other systems. Its value is greater than 1. The closer to 1, the higher the energy consumption of non-IT equipment. The less, the better the energy efficiency level.
Machine room structural decoration
There is a need for a completely separate physically isolated room, or a completely isolated room with visual and safety protection;
The width and door size of the passage for equipment and material transportation in the computer room, and the passage from the entrance of the building to the main computer room, the clear width should not be less than 1.5m;
The size of the main entrance door of the computer room - whether it meets the minimum requirements (the width should not be less than 1.2 meters, the height should not be less than 2.0 meters);
Is there a clean suspended ceiling on the top of the computer room? The roof of the computer room should be insulated, moisture-proof and anti-condensation, and should not be reinforced with carbon fiber;
The roof in the computer room should not be vertically below the water area; there should be no roof drainage, elevated water pipes, or fire main pipes on the top of the computer room;
Whether there is an electrostatic floor in the computer room, the material, load-bearing capacity and overhead height of the electrostatic floor;
All access routes should be equipped with physical security protection facilities, such as windows, doors, ventilation louvers/ducts, roofs, etc.;
Cabinet system
Number of cabinets
Cabinet power distribution
Cabinet power distribution
The cabinet depth requirement should not be less than 1100mm, and the available U position of the cabinet should not be less than 42U;
The load-bearing requirement of the cabinet is above 1000KG;
A single cabinet should be equipped with dual-channel PDU, and the power supply should be drawn from different power supply buses;
The power socket of the PDU must adopt the IEC320 C13 standard for 10A and the IEC C20 standard for 16A;
It can accept the 10A and 17A socket interfaces of the national standard GB1002; it does not accept the universal socket interface;
Whether the cabinet layout adopts face-to-face/back-to-back hot and cold aisles, or whether the hot and cold aisles are closed to improve cooling efficiency;
The distance between the fronts of cabinets arranged face to face should not be less than 1.2m; the distance between the backs of cabinets should not be less than lm;
Cabinet diagram
UPS power distribution system
The construction of the data center needs to use dual power supply lines from different substations, and the first type of mains power is introduced; the failure of any mains power is not allowed to affect the other mains power, and the total load of each mains power can support the entire load of the IDC computer room
The computer room is required to use a dual-channel 2N structure UPS for power supply, and the battery full-load discharge time is not less than 15 minutes;
The type of UPS used (power frequency machine, high frequency machine or modular), and whether it is equipped with automatic or manual maintenance bypass device
The current load rate of the UPS system and the expected load rate after increasing the load;
UPS full load test report and battery discharge test report are required;
UPS requires regular inspections (the cycle should not be longer than 3 months) and provides recent certification documents;
The battery needs to be discharged regularly (the cycle should not be longer than 6 months), and recent certification documents must be provided;
The battery type and brand used in the battery pack;
Whether the battery pack is equipped with a battery monitoring system;
For the single power supply load placed by us, it is necessary to configure a low-power STS (based on the actual situation, negotiate with the supplier to arrange);
Whether cables in conduits or trunking are fixed to the board or perimeter or within the trunking, and whether power and communication cables are placed in isolation;
UPS diagram
Air Conditioning System
Setting of the air supply temperature and ambient temperature of the data computer room;
The type of cold source used in the system (air cooling, water cooling or chilled water) and the air flow organization form (hood air supply, duct air supply, underfloor air supply or horizontal air supply) and channel closure form;
Type of air conditioner dedicated to the computer room (room-level precision air conditioner, inter-row air conditioner, back panel air conditioner or overhead air conditioner);
The dedicated air conditioner for the computer room adopts N 1 redundant backup mode, N<=4;
The dedicated air conditioner for the computer room needs to be inspected regularly (the cycle should not be longer than 1 month), and recent certification documents must be provided;
Air-cooled direct expansion machine room air conditioning system: the placement location of the outdoor condenser of the air conditioner, centralized or dispersed placement, and whether there is a handling plan for high temperature alarms in summer;
The special air conditioner for the computer room requires 2N dual-channel mains power supply, and the wiring distribution cabinet is equipped with an ATS dual-channel power automatic switch;
The data computer room is equipped with a fresh air system to ensure that the data computer room and its related areas maintain positive pressure relative to the outdoor and non-data computer room areas;
Air Conditioning System
Schematic diagram
cooling system
Hot and cold exchange cycle
emergency generator system
A matching diesel generator is required to provide continuous full-load power generation capacity for no less than 8 hours;
Each line of mains power and the generator power supply bus perform ATS automatic switching between each other;
Whether there is an outdoor fuel tank and whether an emergency fuel supply solution can be provided;
Generator with full load test report is required;
Generators require regular start-up testing (the cycle does not exceed 3 months), and test reports for the past year are provided;
emergency power generation
Diesel generators
Fire Fighting System
The data computer room should be equipped with a clean gas fire extinguishing system (it shall not be used in a manned computer room);
Whether a clean gas fire extinguishing system or a high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system is installed in the power transformation and distribution, UPS and battery rooms;
Whether high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing systems or pre-action automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems are installed in data equipment rooms, power transformation and distribution, and other areas other than UPS and battery rooms;
Whether the fire detection and alarm system is installed in accordance with the specifications; and the fire alarm system should be linked with the fire extinguishing system;
Whether the data machine room/power distribution room is equipped with a very early smoke detection and suction system to quickly detect the detection alarm in the initial stage of a fire;
The gas fire extinguishing system adopts a pipe network-free design or a pipe network fire extinguishing system design; what fire extinguishing agent is used (IG541, heptafluoropropane);
Are there gas extinguishing pipe networks and sprinklers installed under the electrostatic floor and in the ceiling of the data computer room?
Is there a dedicated ventilation system for room ventilation after a disaster?
Firefighting
Gas fire extinguishing system
Water mist fire extinguishing system
Monitoring, security and BMS systems
Whether it has a complete security system (security monitoring system, intrusion alarm system and access control system) and power environment monitoring system;
The security monitoring system, intrusion alarm system and access control system have linkage control functions;
Is there a separate access control system that can control different authority ranges?
The access control is equipped with electronic locks and door sensors. When the door opens abnormally, an alarm is required; it is equipped with an emergency escape switch (glass break switch)
Access category - card access, password access or biometric access;
The park should have a complete video surveillance system without blind spots, especially in areas where optical cables are routed, and the video storage time should be no less than 30 days;
A full-range video surveillance system without blind spots must be installed in the room and at the entrance, and the video storage time should be no less than 30 days; (it is recommended to have an abnormal behavior alarm function);
Monitoring without blind spots should include the following areas (but not limited to): building perimeter and parking lots, access control doors, medium-voltage and low-voltage distribution areas, generator rooms, air-conditioning rooms (including refrigeration stations and cooling tower areas), and machine room areas;
There is a complete power environment monitoring system and a complete and feasible alarm handling plan;
Brief description (including but not limited to the following), power distribution system: low-voltage distribution cabinet, UPS, battery (whether a single battery is monitored), PDU cabinet (whether each circuit is monitored), generator;
Air conditioning system: including chillers, cooling towers, water pumps, CRAH, humidification units, dehumidification units, fresh air units, etc.;
Whether it is possible to monitor a single battery (voltage, current, temperature)
Air conditioning group control system functions;
BMS interface
Operation and maintenance system
Operation and maintenance mode
Inspection system
Monitoring alarm
Data computer room floor plan drawings