MindMap Gallery Anatomy-Chapter 1, Motor System
This is a mind map about anatomy - Chapter 1, Movement System, with a detailed introduction and comprehensive description. I hope it will be helpful to those who are interested!
Edited at 2024-01-13 10:44:38Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
anatomy
Chapter 1, Movement System
Section 1, Introduction
Anatomical posture: body upright, eyes looking straight ahead, upper limbs hanging naturally on both sides of the trunk, feet together, palms and toes facing forward
The front and back of the arrow, the left and right sides of the crown, the vertical axis standing upright to the sky and the earth
Section 2, Osteology
1. Overview
bone structure
Bone quality
Periosteum: When a fracture occurs, the periosteum is peeled off too much, making it difficult for the bone to heal.
marrow
Bone marrow aspiration: anterior (posterior) superior iliac spine
Red bone marrow: After the age of 5, it is replaced by fat tissue and becomes yellow bone marrow, losing its hematopoietic function. However, after excessive blood loss or severe anemia, the yellow bone marrow transforms into red bone marrow and restores its hematopoietic function.
yellow bone marrow
Classification of bones
long bone
Features: Two epiphyses in one body
humerus, femur
short bone
carpal bones, tarsal bones
flat bone
Ribs, skull
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, maxilla
2. Trunk bones
Intervertebral foramen: bounded by the upper and lower notches of adjacent vertebrae, through which spinal nerves and blood vessels pass
(1) Vertebrae
cervical vertebra
Therefore, the characteristics of cervical vertebrae: there are transverse process holes
The 7th cervical vertebra is also called the vertebral column
vertebra count sign
thoracic
transverse costal recess
imbricated arrangement
lumbar spine
The cross-section of the vertebral body is: heart-shaped
Cerebrospinal fluid lumbar puncture: 3-4 lumbar vertebrae
sacral vertebrae
tail vertebrae
(2) Ribs
True Ribs: Pairs 1-7
False ribs: pairs 8-10
Floating ribs: Pair 11-12
3. Skull
(1) Brain and skull (8 pieces)
Pair: parietal bones, temporal bones
Unpaired: frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, occipital bone
The frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, and sphenoid bone form an H-shaped suture - the pterion, with the middle meningeal artery passing through it (epidural edema)
(2) Facial skull (15 pieces)
Pairs: nasal bones, lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, maxillary bones, inferior turbinate, palatine bones
Unpaired: pear bone, mandible (the largest of the facial bones), hyoid bone
4. Upper limb bones
(1) Upper limbs with bones
Clavicle: fractures mostly occur at the junction of the middle and outer thirds
shoulder blade
Counting ribs sign
The lower corner is flat against the 7th rib
The lower angle is flat against the 7th rib or in the 7th intercostal space
(2) Free upper limb bones
Humerus
Humeral neck fracture: axillary nerve
Fractures of the middle and lower third of the humerus: radial nerve
Medial epicondyle fracture of humerus: ulnar nerve
radius, ulna
inner radius and outer radius
hand bones
carpus
Trichosanthes scapulae, large and small head-shaped hooks
5. Lower limb bones
(1) Lower limbs with bones
Hip bone = ilium, pubic bone, ischium
(2) Free lower limb bones
femur
The longest and strongest long bone in the human body
patella
The largest sesamoid bone in the human body
Located within the quadriceps tendon
tibia, fibula
tibia and fibula
Section 3, Arthrology
The structure of joints
Basic structure
articular surface
joint capsule
joint cavity
negative pressure
Auxiliary structure
Ligaments--intracapsular ligaments: knee joint, hip joint
Articular discs: sternoclavicular joint, radiocarpal joint, temporomandibular joint (easy to dislocate forward), meniscus of knee joint
Articular labrum: shoulder joint, hip joint
synovial bursa, synovial folds
axial bone connection
(1) Connection of trunk bones
Intervertebral disc: The central part is the nucleus pulposus, surrounded by the annulus fibrosus; it is easy to prolapse posterolaterally (intervertebral disc herniation: the fourth lumbar vertebra is common)
Lateral view of the spine: cervical and lumbar curves convex forward; thoracic and sacral curves convex backward.
Lumbar puncture passes through: supraspinal ligament, interspinous ligament, and ligamentum flavum in sequence
upper limb bone connection
shoulder joint
The most flexible and easiest to dislocate (anterior and inferior dislocation)
elbow joint
Fracture remains unchanged, dislocation changes
radiocarpal joint
=The proximal articular surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones of the hand serve as the joint heads, and are composed of the wrist articular surface of the radius and the articular disc that eats the bones (the ulna is not involved)
lower limb bone connection
Pelvis: major pelvis (false pelvis), minor pelvis (true pelvis)
male
Narrow and long; upper opening of pelvis: peach-shaped; shaped like a funnel 70-75°
female
Wide and short; approximately round; cylindrical 90-100°
Hip joint = femoral head (easy to dislocate downward) acetabulum
knee joint
= femur tibia patella
The largest and most complex joint in the human body
The medial meniscus is larger and C-shaped; the lateral meniscus is smaller and O-shaped (C on the inside and O on the outside, large on the inside and small on the outside).
Section 4, Myology
voluntary muscles
Skeletal muscle (striated muscle)
involuntary muscles
Cardiac muscle (striated muscle)
smooth muscle
Trunk muscles
Latissimus dorsi: The largest shoulder muscle in the body
Trapezius muscle: damaged - collapsed shoulders
Erector spinae: the longest and largest of the back muscles
Serratus Anterior: Impaired - Winged Shoulder
Deltoid muscle: paralysis - square shoulder
Sartorius: the longest muscle in the body
Quadriceps: The largest muscle in the body
inguinal canal
Male: spermatic cord
Women: round ligament of uterus
Direct hernia triangle = lateral border of rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric artery
Indirect hernia: easy for children to get, enters the scrotum
Direct hernia: easy to get in the elderly, does not enter the scrotum
central theme
theme
theme
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