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MindMap Gallery Building water supply, drainage and heating engineering construction technology
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Building water supply, drainage and heating engineering construction technology
This is a mind map about the construction technology of building water supply, drainage and heating engineering. The main content includes: building water supply, drainage and heating pipeline construction technology, building water supply, drainage and heating system debugging and testing, building water supply, drainage and heating equipment installation technology. Sub-projects and construction procedures for building water supply, drainage and heating.
Edited at 2024-02-25 17:08:05
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Building water supply, drainage and heating engineering construction technology
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Building water supply, drainage and heating engineering construction technology
Partial projects and construction procedures for building water supply, drainage and heating
Building water supply, drainage and heating sub-projects
Construction procedures for building water supply, drainage and heating projects
Indoor - reserved, pre-buried Outdoor - excavation of pipe trenches and wells, backfilling of pressure-bearing pipes (water supply, hot water, heating) - Hydrostatic testing of non-pressure pipes (drainage) ——Irrigation, water and ball test
Construction procedures for water supply pipeline projects
Drainage pipeline engineering construction procedures
Hot water/heating piping project construction procedures
Building water supply, drainage and heating pipeline construction technology
Commonly used connection methods in building water supply, drainage and heating projects
Threaded connection
Galvanized steel pipes with a pipe diameter less than or equal to 100mm; steel-plastic composite pipes; exposed pipes
Flange connection
Larger diameter; main roads connect valves, water meters, water pumps, etc., as well as pipe sections that require frequent disassembly and maintenance
welding
Non-galvanized steel pipes; concealed pipes and larger diameters
Groove connection (clamp connection)
Galvanized steel pipes or steel-plastic composite pipes with a diameter greater than or equal to 100mm; air conditioning hot and cold water, water supply, rainwater and other systems, fire hydrant overhead pipes
Card sleeve connection
Aluminum-plastic composite pipe; copper pipe
Pressure connection
Thin-walled stainless steel water supply pipes generally use compression connections; they have the advantages of convenient installation, reliable connection, and economical and reasonable
hot melt connection
PP-R, HDPE and other plastic pipes
socket connection
Connections of cast iron pipes and fittings for water supply and drainage
Adhesive connection
Commonly used in indoor drainage pipes made of rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U)
Electrofusion connection
Plastic pipes such as PE pipes and HDPE can be welded using electric fusion welding machines
Key points of construction technology for building water supply, drainage and heating projects
Construction preparation
Man-machine-material method ring - technical preparation, material preparation, machine and tool preparation, site preparation, construction organization and personnel preparation.
On-site acceptance of materials and equipment (11, 13, 23)
Water supply system pipes can use qualified water supply cast iron pipes, galvanized steel pipes, water supply plastic pipes, composite pipes, copper pipes, and stainless steel pipes
Plastic water supply pipes and composite pipes with metal
Domestic water system, drinking water hygiene standards.
On-site inspection and acceptance of materials and equipment, and verification and confirmation by the supervision engineer
Main appliances, equipment, installation and operating instructions.
Valve - strength, tightness test, test - brand, same model, same specification - 10%, and not less than one. The main pipes with cutting function are tested one by one. The strength test is -1.5 times the nominal pressure. The tightness test -1.1 times the nominal pressure.
Flowmeters, pressure gauges, flowmeter pressure gauges should be calibrated, designed documents, qualified units, pressure settings, sealing tests, records, lead seals, experimental reports
Radiators, unit heat dissipation and metal thermal strength are re-inspected for performance. Insulation materials, thermal conductivity or thermal resistance, density and water absorption are re-inspected and witnessed at least twice when entering the site.
Pipeline surveying and laying out
Cooperate with civil engineering projects to reserve and bury
Pipes pass through the floor
Casing material
Metal or plastic casing
Casing top height
The top is 20mm higher than the finish
Bathroom, kitchen
The top is 50mm higher than the finish
Casing bottom height
The bottom is flush with the floor finish
Gap between casing and pipe
Filled with flame-retardant dense materials and waterproof ointment
pipe through wall
Casing material
Metal or plastic casing
Casing and wall
Both ends of the casing are flush with the finish
Gap between casing and pipe
Flame retardant dense material
Pipe support production and installation 16
Bracket types: fixed bracket, guide bracket, sliding bracket, spring hanger, earthquake-resistant bracket
During installation: reasonable and standardized
Indoor water supply metal riser pipe bracket setting
Floor height
Less than or equal to 5m, set no less than 1
Greater than 5m, set no less than 2
Pipe support height from ground
1.5～1.8m
Support and hanger settings for trench-type connection of horizontal steel pipes
On both sides of pipe joints (rigid joints, flexible joints, branch pipe joints) and on both sides of the upstream and downstream connecting joints of tees, crosses, elbows, reducers and other pipe fittings - in summary, both sides of the street
Clear spacing between supports, hangers and joints
It should not be smaller than 150mm and should not be larger than 300mm.
Contact between pipes of different materials and brackets
Plastic pipes and metal pipes
Lined with non-metallic pads or sleeves
Stainless steel tube and carbon steel bracket
Lined with plastic or rubber
Pixel
Pipe prefabrication processing
Pipe installation (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 20, 22, 23)
Installation principles
space
Main pipe then branch pipe, upper part first then lower part, first inside then outside
Material
Install steel pipes and then plastic pipes
Pipes pass through basement side wall
Installation should be carried out after the installation of indoor pipelines and the settlement of the main structure.
Before installation in machine room and pump room
The diameter, elevation, connection method, etc. of the inlet and outlet of the equipment body should be checked in detail.
Buried pipes, pipes in suspended ceilings, etc. must be installed before being concealed.
Concealed project acceptance
When pipes are laid through structural expansion joints, seismic joints and settlement joints
Flexible connections are adopted on both sides of the structural joints
Make square compensators or set expansion joints at the structural joints.
Relative positions of hot and cold water pipes during installation
When the hot and cold water pipes are parallel up and down
Hot water pipes above cold water pipes
vertical
The hot water pipe is on the left side of the cold water pipe
Indoor hot water and heating pipe expansion and contraction problems
Natural compensation for thermal expansion and contraction should be used as much as possible. If the straight section is too long, a compensator should be installed and pre-stretched according to relevant regulations.
Heating pipe installation slope
Steam and water go in the same direction
hot water
steam
condensate
The slope should be 3‰ and not less than 2‰
Steam and water reverse direction
hot water
steam
Less than 5‰
Radiator branch pipe
The slope should be 1%
Low temperature hot water radiant heating system
Ground-lay coils should not have joints.
The slope of the drainage pipe must comply with the design and specifications. No slope or reverse slope is strictly prohibited.
Drainage plastic pipe
Expansion joints must be installed according to design requirements and location. When there is no requirement in the design, the distance between expansion joints shall not be greater than 4m.
Exposed drainage plastic pipes should be equipped with fire-retardant rings or fire-proof casings according to design requirements.
When the diameter of the riser is ≥110mm, a fire-retardant ring or a length of ≥500mm should be installed at the floor penetration part. fireproof casing
Hooks or clamps on metal drainage pipes should be secured to load-bearing structures. The bend at the bottom of the riser should be provided with buttresses or fixed measures should be taken
Drainage vent pipe
Not allowed to be connected to air duct or flue
The air pipe should be 300mm higher than the roof and must be greater than the maximum snow thickness;
When there are doors or windows within 4m of the vent pipe outlet
600mm higher than the top of doors or windows or directed to the side without doors or windows
On flat roofs where people often stay, the ventilation pipe should be 2m higher than the roof
Set up lightning protection devices according to lightning protection requirements; if there is an insulation layer on the roof, it should be calculated from the surface of the insulation layer.
Drainage pipe leading to the outside
45°
Connection requirements for indoor drainage horizontal pipes and horizontal pipes, horizontal pipes and vertical pipes:
A 45° tee or 45° cross and a 90° inclined tee or 90° inclined four should be used.
The connection between the standpipe and the end of the discharge pipe should use two 45° elbows or a 90° elbow with a curvature radius not less than 4 times the pipe diameter.
Drainage pipes and overflow pipes of domestic drinking water tanks (pools), gray water tanks (pools), and rainwater clear water tanks
The pipe shall not be directly connected to the sewage pipe, indirect drainage shall be used, and a partition space of no less than 100mm shall be left.
Rainwater systems for high-rise buildings
Generally, pressure-bearing pipes are used.
The rainwater system of high-rise buildings uses galvanized welded steel pipes.
The rainwater system of super high-rise buildings (more than 100 meters) should use galvanized seamless steel pipes
The gravity flow rainwater pipe system of high-rise and super high-rise buildings uses ductile iron pipes, etc.
The distance between the domestic water supply meter and the valve
A straight pipe segment less than 8 times the diameter of the water meter interface.
Pipeline anti-corrosion insulation (21)
The main anti-corrosion methods for pipelines include painting, lining, electrostatic protection and cathodic protection.
Pipe insulation can be divided into three types according to its purpose: thermal insulation, cold insulation, and heating protection.
metal protective layer
horizontal pipe
Circumferential seams should be lapped along the water
Longitudinal joints should be located down the side of the pipe and along the water
riser
Circumferential seams must be lapped up or down.
Building water supply, drainage and heating equipment installation technology
Preparation before installation
The variety, specifications, appearance, etc. of all materials should be inspected and accepted when entering the site.
Before the equipment is installed, it should be unpacked and inspected for acceptance, and a written acceptance record should be formed.
The foundation concrete strength, coordinates, elevation, dimensions and bolt hole locations before the water pump is placed must meet the design requirements.
Before the boiler is installed, the longitudinal and transverse installation datum lines and elevation datum points should be defined.
device installation
The installation level of the integrally installed pump should be tested on the inlet and outlet flange surfaces of the pump or other horizontal surfaces. The longitudinal installation level deviation should not be greater than 0.10/1000, the horizontal installation horizontal deviation should not be greater than 0.20/1000
The installation level of a disassembled pump should be tested by placing a level vertically and horizontally on the horizontal center plane, the exposed part of the shaft, and the horizontal processing surface of the base. The deviation should not be greater than 0.05/1000
The installation of sanitary appliances should be fixed with embedded bolts or expansion bolts.
The radiator set should be straight and tight. The installation distance between the back of the radiator and the decorated wall surface should comply with the design or product manual requirements. If the design does not indicate, should be 30mm
The installation of the boiler body should be arranged with a slope and a sloped blowdown valve according to the design or product manual requirements. The air chamber of the boiler is supplied with air from the bottom of the furnace and The space between the boiler base and the foundation must be tightly sealed.
Debugging and testing of building water supply, drainage and heating systems
Appliance/Equipment Installation
heat sink
hydrostatictest
1.5 times the working pressure, but not less than 0.6MPa
Test time is 2~3min
No pressure drop, no leakage or leakage
Before installation of heating cylinder (water distributor, water collector)
hydrostatictest
1.5 times the working pressure, but not less than 0.6MPa
Before installation of open water tank
Full water test
Leave to observe for 24 hours
Should be watertight
Sealed water tank (tank)
hydrostatictest
1.5 times the working pressure
10min
No pressure drop, no leakage or leakage
After the boiler's steam and water pressure system and its ancillary devices are installed, a water pressure test should be carried out.
Piping system testing
Pressure test
It is advisable to use hydraulic experiments
Pipelines in high-rise buildings should first be tested according to zones and sections, and then tested as a whole according to the system after passing the test.
The indoor water supply system and outdoor pipe network system pipelines have been installed
The test pressure is 1.5 times the working pressure, but not less than 0.6MP
Hot water supply system, heating system
Hot water supply system and steam heating system, hot water heating system
Add 0.1MPa to the working pressure at the top of the system, and the test pressure at the top of the system is not less than 0.3MPa.
High temperature hot water heating system
The working pressure at the highest point of the system plus 0.4MPa
Plastic pipes and aluminum-plastic composite pipes for hot water heating systems
The working pressure at the highest point of the system should be increased by 0.2MPa, and the test pressure at the highest point of the system should not be less than 0.4MPa.
Inspection methods for hydraulic pressure test of indoor water supply system and hot water supply system
Steel pipes and composite pipes
The pressure drop within 10 minutes under the system test pressure shall not be greater than 0.02MPa, and then lowered to the working pressure for inspection. The pressure should not drop and there should be no leakage or leakage.
plastic pipe
The pressure drop of the plastic pipeline system shall not exceed 0.05MPa for 1 hour under the test pressure, and then for 2 hours under the condition of 1.15 times the working pressure. , the pressure drop shall not exceed 0.03MPa, and the connections shall not leak.
Water pressure test and inspection methods for outdoor water supply steel pipes and cast iron pipes
Outdoor water supply steel pipes and cast iron pipes
The pressure drop within 10 minutes under the system test pressure shall not be greater than 0.05MPa, and then lowered to the working pressure for inspection. The pressure shall remain unchanged and there shall be no leakage or leakage.
plastic piping system
The pressure drop of the plastic piping system shall not exceed 0.05MPa for 1 hour under the test pressure, and then be reduced to the working pressure for inspection. The pressure should remain unchanged and there shall be no leakage or leakage.
Irrigation test
Indoor concealed or buried drainage pipes
A water filling test must be done before sheltering
The watering height should not be lower than that of the underlying sanitary appliances Upper edge or subfloor height.
The inspection method is to fill the water for 15 minutes and then the water level will drop, then fill it again and observe for 5 minutes. If the liquid level does not drop and there is no leakage in the pipes and joints, it is considered qualified.
indoor rain pipes
The irrigation test should be carried out in the whole section or in sections according to the pipe material and the height of the building.
Outdoor drainage pipe network
Drainage inspection well section test.
The test water head should be added to the top of the pipe upstream of the test section by 1m, and the time should be no less than 30 minutes. Observe section by section. If there is no leakage at the pipe interface, it is qualified.
Water test
After the drainage system is installed, the drainage pipes and rainwater pipes should be tested separately.
ball test
The main drainage riser and horizontal main pipes should be tested for passing the ball. The ball diameter should not be less than 2/3 of the diameter of the drainage pipe, and the ball passing rate must reach 100%.
Pipeline system cleaning and commissioning
The pipes and equipment of domestic water supply, hot water system and swimming pool circulating water supply system must be flushed and disinfected before being put into use.
After the heating pipeline system passes the test, the system should be flushed and the filter and decontamination device should be cleaned until the discharged water does not contain sediment, There are no iron filings and other impurities, and the water color is not turbid, it is qualified.
After the heating pipeline system is flushed, it should be filled with water, heated, and tested for trial operation and debugging. If the room temperature meets the design requirements, it is observed and measured to be qualified.
The boiler safety valve should be subject to constant pressure inspection and adjustment. The set pressure should comply with the requirements of "Boiler Installation Engineering Construction and Acceptance Standards" GB50273-2022. The adjusted safety valve should be locked or sealed immediately. The boiler of the whole factory should be put into continuous trial operation with load for 4 to 24 hours, and the trial operation records should be kept.
Metal is more reliable than plastic. Metal is measured in minutes, while plastic is measured in hours.
Tip: 1.3 heat, 2.4 plastic (including metal composite pipe), 0.4 high temperature