MindMap Gallery -Transmembrane potential of cardiomyocytes and its formation mechanism
This is a mind map about the transmembrane potential of cardiomyocytes and its formation mechanism. The main content is the resting potential: about - 90mV, which is the electrochemical equilibrium potential formed by the outflow of potassium ions and the ventricular myocyte action potential ( Composed of five stages), the transmembrane potential and formation mechanism of autonomous cells, etc.
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Transmembrane potential of cardiomyocytes and its formation mechanism
Resting potential: approximately -90mV, which is the electrochemical equilibrium potential formed by the outflow of potassium ions.
The size depends on the difference in potassium ion concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluids and the permeability of the membrane to potassium ions.
Ventricular myocyte action potential (composed of five periods)
Phase 0 rapid depolarization phase: influx of sodium ions. Phase 0 sodium channel is a fast channel with a short opening time. This sodium fast channel can be blocked by tetrodotoxin
Early stage of rapid repolarization in phase 1: Potassium ions flow out, and the membrane potential in phases 0 and 1 changes rapidly, forming a spike potential.
Phase 2 plateau phase or slow repolarization phase: the slow and sustained influx of calcium ions is the main feature of ventricular myocyte action potential and also the main characteristic of ventricular myocyte action potential. The main reason for prolonged action potential duration
End of phase 3 rapid repolarization: potassium ion efflux
Phase 4 recovery phase or resting phase: Calcium ions and sodium ions are released, and potassium ions are introduced. The calcium pump moves three sodium ions into the cell and two calcium ions out of the cell. The sodium pump then moves three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell.
Transmembrane potential and formation mechanism of autonomous cells
Autonomous cells: Phase 4 automatic depolarization
Sinoatrial node P cell action potential: slow response potential (slow phase 0 depolarization)
Phase 0 depolarization (slower): calcium ion influx, which can be blocked by calcium channel blockers (verapamil)
Phase 3 repolarization: potassium ion outflow, mainly relying on Ik to complete
Phase 4 automatic depolarization: gradual inactivation of Lk channels, progressive attenuation of potassium ion outflow (most important), progressively enhanced inward ion flow (mainly sodium ion influx), T-type calcium channel activation and calcium ion influx
Purkinje cell action potential
The most significant difference from cardiomyocyte action potential: Phase 4 membrane potential instability
Purkinje cells have the longest action potential duration among all myocardial cells.
The spontaneous rhythm of Purkinje cells cannot occur immediately, but takes a certain period of time to start. This is the main mechanism of ventricular arrest for a period when third-degree atrioventricular block suddenly occurs.