MindMap Gallery potentiometric analysis
The method in which the same indicating electrode and a reference electrode are combined with the test solution to form a battery, and then analyzed based on the changes in the electromotive force of the battery and/or the changes in the potential of the indicating electrode, is called potentiometric analysis.
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This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
potentiometric analysis
definition
The method in which the same indicating electrode and a reference electrode are combined with the test solution to form a battery, and then analyzed based on the changes in the electromotive force of the battery and/or the changes in the potential of the indicating electrode, is called potentiometric analysis.
Potentiometric analysis classification
direct potentiometry
potentiometric titration
Indicating electrode classification
metal-based electrode
The first type of electrode (active metal electrode)
Determination of soluble metal ion activity
Category II (metal l refractory salt electrode)
Measuring the anion activity of poorly soluble salts
Category III (Metal丨Refractory Salt Electrode)
Can be used as indicator electrode in potentiometric titration
Zero type electrode (inert metal electrode)
Measuring gas partial pressure or potentiometric titration
Membrane electrode (ion selective electrode)
definition
An electrode that has a sensitive membrane and can generate a membrane potential is called a membrane electrode.
Features
There is no electrode reaction and no electron exchange process occurs between phase boundaries.
The diffusion of ions on the phase boundary causes the existence of an electric double layer and creates an interface potential difference.
The relationship between membrane potential and specific ion activity conforms to Nernst's formula.
membrane potential
diffusion potential
The diffusion potential is not selective and can be eliminated by salt bridges.
Donnan potential
DONNAN potential is selective and mandatory and can form an electrical double-layer structure.
Glass membrane electrode (hydrogen ion selective electrode)
Need to be soaked in water before use to form a hydration layer
Crystal membrane electrode (p235☆)
Mixed crystal electrode
gas sensing electrode
biofilm electrode
Reference electrode classification
Saturated calomel electrode
Silver-silver chloride electrode
direct potentiometry
direct comparison method
Such as measuring pH
standard curve method
The calibration curve method is to insert the ion selective electrode and the reference electrode into a series of standard solutions of known activity, measure a series of battery electromotive force E, and plot E against loga to obtain the calibration curve.
standard addition method
Add an accurate volume of standard solution to a known volume of sample solution, and calculate the concentration of the measured ion based on the change in battery electromotive force.
exercise
subtopic
Nernst equation