MindMap Gallery A Brief History of Humankind, from Animals to God
The reading notes of "A Brief History of Humanity, From Animals to God" tell about the tree of knowledge of good and evil, the day of Adam and Eve, the human flood that destroyed the world, the building of the pyramids, etc.
Edited at 2022-03-25 14:17:36This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
"A Brief History of Humankind, from Animals to God"
Author, Yuval Harari
2012, Published, Israeli
Part One The Cognitive Revolution
Chapter 1 Human beings are nothing special.
origin
The Big Bang 13.5 billion years ago, the birth of the universe
Life was born 3.8 billion years ago
70,000 years ago, Homo sapiens was born
Animals similar to humans already existed on earth 2.5 million years ago
Humanities
Species
The same species can mate with each other and produce the next generation
Horses and donkeys belong to two species
genus
Different species evolved from the same ancestor,
tiger
lion
leopard
division
Many genera are grouped into the same family, such as Felidae, Canidae
All members of the same family can be traced back to the same ancestor
Secret family history
Homo sapiens said that this species
Human, meaning all members of the genus Homo
Two million years ago, these ancient humans left their homes and embarked on a journey throughout North Africa, Europe, and Asia, developing different species.
neanderthal
From about 2 million years ago to about 10,000 years ago, there were actually many different races of people in the world at the same time.
cost of thinking
The common characteristic of all human races is their amazing brain capacity
250 years ago, 600 cubic centimeters
Now there are 1200-1400 cubic meters inside
Why is it that only the genus Homo has evolved such a huge thinking organ?
A strong brain is a burden and requires more food,
In ancient times, muscles may have been a better way to evolve
Man jumps from the middle of the food chain to the top of the food chain
This also caused a lot of problems
chef's race
Fire is a big step for man to become the top of the food chain
300,000 years ago, the use of fire was commonplace
Use fire to burn down forests, open up wilderness, and obtain food
get more food
wheat
rice
Reduce digestion time and provide more energy
brother's keeper
150,000 years ago, humans were still a fringe creature
At this time, there were already Homo sapiens in East Africa, and foreign trade was almost the same as ours.
70,000 years ago, Homo sapiens expanded from East Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, and soon swept across the entire Eurasia
hybrid theory
alternative theory
Chapter 2 The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
About 70,000 to 30,000 years ago, new ways of thinking and communicating emerged. This was the beginning of the cognitive revolution.
A genetic mutation allows us to communicate in a new language
What is so special about the new language? Can we conquer the world?
Human language has gossip skills
Rather, it can convey information about things that do not exist at all.
Fictional story about unprecedented abilities of wealthy Homo sapiens
The legend of Peugeot cars
Chimpanzee social structure
The maximum number of people that can be united by the Bagua ability is 150
a small group
a company
It may be a fictional story that allows a large number of people who don't know each other to believe in a certain story and work together.
In modern society, businessmen and lawyers are actually powerful wizards
Peugeot is officially part of our collective imagination
A fast path around the genome
Just changing the stories we tell can change the way humans work together
In 1789, the French went from believing in the natural right of kings to people making the decision
From genetic evolution to cultural evolution
The genes of Homo sapiens have not changed, but their behavior can be passed on
catholic father
Buddhist monk
The behavioral patterns of ancient humans may have remained unchanged for tens of thousands of years
Modern Homo sapiens, in just ten or twenty years, may change the entire social structure, interpersonal relationships, and economic activities
What is the impact of the cognitive revolution?
history and biology
Homo sapiens invented many imaginary phenomena and thus developed many behavioral patterns. This is what we call "culture".
Manufacturing equipment tools
Combine the power of everyone
The relationship between biology and history
1. Basically biology sets basic limits for the behavior and abilities of Homo sapiens, and all history occurs within this range
2. This scope is very large and there is enough room for development.
3. If you want to understand the behavior of Homo sapiens, you must describe the historical evolution of human behavior.
Chapter 3 A Day in the Life of Adam and Eve
What went through the minds of our hunter-gatherer ancestors
evolutionary psychology
It is believed that various social and psychological characteristics of human beings have been shaped since before the agricultural era. Even today, our brains and hearts are wired to think in a hunter-gatherer way of life
Example
High-calorie foods are bad for people, but why can’t we quit them?
Some scholars believe that ancient societies used "ancient communes" where one woman would have multiple men and the children would be raised together, similar to chimpanzees.
primitive affluent society
Will have a deeper understanding of the surrounding environment
less time to work
Great variety of food
Have more time to communicate and have fun
talking ghost
Ancient collectors were generally pantheistic;
Chapter 4 The devastating human flood
Australia and the Marathon, where biomes have evolved independently for millions of years. Both appearance and nature are quite different from their distant Asian and African relatives.
Homo sapiens arrived in Australia 45,000 years ago
This is a miracle created by mankind and it is also the first time for mankind to go to the ocean.
Homo sapiens climbed to the top of the food chain when they first landed in Australia
Since then, it has become the deadliest biological species in the history of the earth.
leading to australian ecosystems Earth-shaking changes have taken place
Leading to the extinction of local large animals
Kangaroo over 2 meters tall
largest predator thylacine
tailless swallow
Diprotodon
Arriving in America around 12,000 AD,
Caused the extinction of 34 out of 47 genera of large mammals in North America
50 of 60 genera in South America became extinct
including saber-toothed tiger
giant ground sloth
The first wave of extinction was due to the expansion of foragers, and the second wave of extinction was due to the expansion of farmers.
The third wave of extinction, species extinction caused by industrial activities
Part 2 The Agricultural Revolution
Chapter 5 The biggest scam in history
About 9,000 years ago, humans began to enter the agricultural revolution
Agriculture developed independently and blossomed in various places at the same time.
The agricultural revolution may make life harder for farmers
Why did the Agricultural Revolution happen in the Middle East, China, Central America,
Most plants and animals cannot be domesticated
You thought it was Homo sapiens who domesticated wheat, potatoes, and rice. In fact, it was plants that domesticated Homo sapiens
The human body was not designed to engage in agricultural activities;
The root of current disease
human spine
knee
neck
From the perspective of material evolution, the agricultural revolution was a big success because it allowed more DNA to be replicated
The pitfalls of luxury living
Why do humans make such fatal misjudgments?
Humanity has made the same mistakes over and over again throughout history. Because we can't really know the final results of various decisions
When you find that something is wrong, it is irreversible
1. After a few generations, no one knows how to hunt anymore.
2. As the population increases, the additional population cannot
The same is true today
How many young people graduate from college and work in big companies, working hard to make money, and then get loans, mortgages, children’s tuition fees, etc. Cars, high-end life, can they return to their original lives?
The principles of luxury goods
What were originally luxuries often become necessities
Various electronic products in life
divine intervention
victims of revolution
An evolutionary perspective is not the only criterion for judging the success of a species;
It only considers survival and reproduction, regardless of individual pain or happiness
Chapter 6 Building the Pyramid
order constructed by imagination
Humans have failed to develop the instinct for large-scale cooperation;
Now it seems that fictional stories are extremely powerful
In 3100 BC, the entire Nile River was unified, creating the first Egyptian dynasty in history.
Whether it is ancient Egypt or ancient China, they are only established by fictitious orders.
Code of Hammurabi 1776 B.C.
Babylon
subtopic
Declaration of Independence 1776 AD
Everyone is equal, but it is also a fictitious concept
From an evolutionary perspective, the basis of evolution is difference
Freedom is also a fiction
true believer
To make the imagined order stable, we need to continue to invest a lot of effort , even infiltrating violence and coercion
Military, police, courts, prisons
And a firm believer
Chapter 7 Memory Overload
Social order is constructed through imagination, and the key information required to maintain order cannot be relied solely on Replicating DNA and passing it on to future generations requires various efforts to maintain various laws, customs, procedures, etiquette, otherwise social order will soon collapse
The previous millions can only be stored in the brain
But the human brain is not designed to record numbers
3500 BC - 3000 BC, the Sumerians invented the number system
Chapter 8 There is no justice in history
Are these cooperative networks based on imagined order good or bad? Always classify people and arrange superiors and subordinates.
Hammurabi believed that people are divided into superior people, inferior people, and hardworking people. The American Declaration of Independence is also divided into men. Women, black people. The caste system in India and the female babies in China are also divided into noble and inferior ones. The current concept of wealth and poverty in European and American countries is also a classification.
Complex human society seems to require these imagined class systems and discriminations,
Strangers can know how to treat each other without wasting time and energy on truly getting to know each other
The story of La Traviata
Why are the imagined orders different?
Just to satisfy the initial rule, lies were fabricated and continued for generations to come.
caste system in india
No intermarriage allowed, this class will remain for generations to come
subtopic
the third part
16. Capitalist Dogma
modern economic history, growth
Trust is the only backing for most money in the world
In the example of the baker, 1 yuan in the bank can be borrowed 9 times, turning it into 10 yuan.
Because we all believe that the economy will be better in the future,
Advance the future and create the present,
The pie will get bigger
About the concept of progress Trust creates credit, credit brings economic growth, Growth brings greater trust,
world economic history