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A Brief History of Humanity from Animals to God
The Integration and Unification of Humanity: The First 1000 Years Three Possible Orders to Achieve the Concept of Global Oneness: Breaking out of the binary distinction between “us” and “them”; historical choices.
Edited at 2022-02-15 08:21:33
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A Brief History of Humanity from Animals to God
- Valentine's Day marketing campaign
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
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This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
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- Outline
A Brief History of Humanity: From Animals to God
13.5 billion years ago
The "Big Bang": the emergence of matter and energy
The emergence of physics
Atoms and molecules appear
The beginning of chemistry
4.5 billion years ago
earth formation
3.8 billion years ago
organic life formation
The beginning of biology
6 million years ago
The last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees
2.5 million years ago
The earliest humans appeared: Homo in East Africa began to evolve and the earliest stone tools appeared
2 million years ago
Humans spread from Africa to Eurasia and developed into different races
400,000~30,000 years ago Europe & West Asia
neanderthal
2 million to 50,000 years ago East Asia
Homo erectus
200,000 years ago East Africa
Homo sapiens
Java Island, Indonesia
Thoreau people
Flores Island, Indonesia
Homo floresiensis (dwarf)
siberia
Denisovans
The cognitive revolution of Homo sapiens from 70,000 to 30,000 years ago
background
human characteristics
physiological evolution
huge brain
Walking upright on two legs
The hands are freed up to do fine tasks, and the nerves become more and more developed.
social skills
Humans are all "premature babies"
To feed children, tribes need to work together
Easier to change through education and socialization
Use fire (can use it 800,000 years ago, became proficient 300,000 years ago)
cooking
The digestive system does not need to consume too many calories, and the brain is more developed
Tools that can be used actively and are not controlled by the body or environment
Homo sapiens unique characteristic: language (Bagua theory)
What’s special about Homo sapiens language (influenced by the cognitive revolution)
flexible
rules and execute complex plans
Gossip
Organize larger, more cohesive groups, up to 150 people
dissemination of fiction (development of imagination)
Cooperation among large numbers of strangers
Cultural evolution transcends genetic evolution: Rapid innovation in social behavior can change the way we cooperate simply by changing the stories we tell
Because of language, 100,000 years ago, Homo sapiens began to climb to the top of the food chain and drove other species to extinction.
Method: Argument
hybrid breeding theory
alternative theory
The social life of hunter-gatherers
primitive affluent society
collection economy
Small tribe: ten to a hundred people
Domestic dogs: 15,000 years ago
Keep moving
Superb mind & flexible body: equipped with diverse knowledge and skills
shorter working hours
diverse diet
Minimal use of artificial objects
Spirituality and Psychology
Each tribe has its own language, religion, norms and customs, and basically does its own thing and is independent from the world.
Pantheism
Some sociopolitical norms have been invented: 30,000 years ago, children were buried with care
Each tribe has different violent tendencies
The expansion of Homo sapiens
navigation
Colonization of Australia 45,000 years ago
Australia's giant beasts become extinct
reason
Large animals reproduce slowly and will not avoid Homo sapiens
Fire farming changes the environment
climate
Arrived in Japan 35,000 years ago
Arriving in Taiwan 30,000 years ago
walk
to siberia
14,000 years ago, Siberia to Alaska
12,000 years ago, the ice melted and spread across the American continent
Most large mammals and thousands of small animals became extinct
Arriving at Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost island of America, 10,000 years ago
Catastrophe elsewhere: Large animal populations on countless islands were wiped out by Homo sapiens
three waves of extinction
Forager expansion
Peasants expand
industrial expansion
agricultural revolution
The last ice age ended 18,000 years ago
Climate warming boosts wheat growth
Starting from 9500 to 8500 BC
Process: Independent development and fruition around the world
Result: Looks like a scam
harder
The scope of activities has been greatly reduced, and humans have become more self-centered, closely connected with their "own home", and drawn clear boundaries with other species.
The diet becomes monotonous, and hunger and disease pose threats
Violence intensifies to protect fields
Population explosion creates a pampered elite
The pressure to always think about the future became the basis for large-scale political and social systems in subsequent generations.
The food grown with hard work feeds a small elite class and nourishes the birth of culture.
3500 BC Domestication boom ends
Domestication of wheat
or “Wheat domesticated humans.”
Domesticated animals suffer more
“The success of species evolution does not represent individual happiness.”
settle down
society
8500 BC Jericho Village: largest in the world, hundreds of people
7000 B.C. Catalan Mound Town: The largest settlement in the world, with 5,000 to 10,000 people
3100 BC Nile Valley: Unification of the first Egyptian dynasty, hundreds of thousands of people
2250 BC First empire: Akkadian Empire: over 1 million people
500 BC Large empires emerged in the Middle East: Assyrian Empire, Babylonian Empire, Persian Empire: millions of people
221 BC Qin Shihuang unified the world: 40 million people
1 BC Ancient Rome unified the Mediterranean: 100 million people
imagined social order
what is
Believing that there are rules that are universally applicable
How to be promoted
There are true believers
Executor of social violence
The social elite who promote this order
There are ways to believe in these orders
Claim to the outside world that they are not fiction
Is some objective fact, or a great god, or a law of nature
Thoroughly implement the same set of principles in education
How to integrate into human society
Combining imaginary order with the real world
Imaginary order shapes our desires
The order of imagination exists in the connection of thoughts between people
The imaginary order is not an individual's subjective imagination, but between subjects. In the common imagination of millions of people, individual changes will not help.
Even if we change the minds of hundreds of millions of people at the same time, we still need a new ideological order, so humans can never step out of this imaginary prison.
Word
background
In order to manage the empire, information overload exceeds the capacity of the brain.
birth, development process
The Sumerians invented writing (partially ideographic), mainly used to record tax collections
The knot language of Andean culture
3000~2500 BC
Sumerian writing gradually developed into a writing that could fully convey meaning.
Complete ideograms of ancient Egypt, the birth of hieroglyphs
1200 BC
China developed complete ideographic writing
1000 BC ~ 500 BC
Mesoamerica develops complete ideograms
Less than 9th century
Indians invented Arabic numerals, and the efficiency of storing and processing digital data has improved rapidly.
Influence
Changing the way humans think and see things, the past free linking and holistic thinking transformed into segmented thinking and bureaucracy
class
function of class
Keep society in order
You don’t need to know each other to know how to treat each other
Limitations of the influence of natural ability on class
Most abilities need to be cultivated and developed
Even if they develop the same abilities, the results will be different because they face different rules of the game.
The vicious cycle of class
Incidental historical events - White people control black people - Fictional racial discrimination stories (laws, styles, etc.) - Black people are poor, lack of education - Cultural prejudice
A patriarchal society that favors boys over girls
biology and culture
Why do almost all cultures value masculinity over femininity?
muscle theory
gangster theory
paternal gene theory
Homo sapiens
He has the power of God, but he is irresponsible and greedy. For the sake of their own comfort and entertainment, they cause a disaster to the surrounding animals and ecosystems, and cannot get true satisfaction.
singularity
We are approaching the second singularity after the Big Bang
Anything after this point is beyond our current imagination
The end of Homo sapiens
First Breakthrough: Selective Breeding for the Agricultural Revolution
Homo sapiens breaks the laws of nature and replaces them with intelligent design
Biological Engineering
Transform existing creatures, reappear extinct creatures, and cultivate perfect Homo sapiens
bionic engineering
Let inorganic tissue and life be combined and no longer separated
inorganic life
Computer programs and viruses that evolve independently
2005 Blue Brain Project
Peace
In medieval Europe, 20 to 40 people were murdered per 100,000 people per year.
1945 Britain rules 1/4 of the earth
After 1945, most empires abdicated peacefully
1989 The Soviet Union peacefully disintegrated
Four major factors in today’s peaceful era
The threat of nuclear apocalypse constitutes peace and justice
Pacifism makes trade grow
Growth in trade makes peace more profitable and war more costly
The international network is becoming increasingly dense, and most countries cannot be completely independent.
hapiness
In the 70,000 years since the cognitive revolution, have humans become happier?
Ability and happiness are negatively related
Ability and happiness are positively related
Before the scientific revolution, it was not always possible, but after the scientific revolution, ability can bring happiness.
two facts
Over the past half-century of golden age, our indulgent consumption and ecological destruction could sow the seeds of future disasters
The achievements of Homo sapiens match the fate of almost all other animals
Happy computing
Money can bring happiness, but there is a limit
Illness will reduce happiness, but as long as it does not worsen, a person's happiness level will eventually be the same as that of others
Improvements in material conditions over the past two centuries have been offset by family breakdown and social dysfunction
Happiness lies in whether objective conditions match subjective expectations
Ancient people had few expectations
Modern times: media, advertising, and a comparison mentality make humans increasingly unhappy
Ultimate Dissatisfaction: Unable to Afford Immortality
determinants of happiness
Happiness is a subjective feeling
Determined by innate biochemical mechanisms
The human biochemical mechanism will always try to remain constant and eventually return to the human's natural emotional value range.
Prozac boosts serum levels, Brave New World
Pleasure ≠ happiness, happiness also has cognitive and moral components
Happiness is just a personal delusion of meaning synchronized with an antecedent collective delusion
The focus of happiness is not subjective feelings
Should you take drugs to be happy?
Buddhism
Happiness lies in letting go of pursuing subjective feelings
1500 Scientific Revolution
The difference between modern science and previous knowledge systems
admit one's ignorance
More energy, flexibility and curiosity
acquire new abilities
Humanity can continue to make progress and solve problems. Nothing is the inevitable fate of human beings.
Centered on observation and mathematics
Military and Science
1500 years ago
Science and technology are two completely different fields
1620
Bacon: Knowledge is power
Before 19th century
Changes in the military are related to organization rather than technology
18th and 19th centuries
Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution arrive
Science, industry and military technology begin to merge
war
Scientists have developed a large number of new weapons
World War II
The importance of science is increasing day by day
Science is influenced by ideology
European imperialism
development process
late 15th century
Europe became the cradle of military, political, economic, and cultural development
1405~1433
Zheng He's voyages to the West
Not to invade, but to provide assistance to the monarchs of various countries who supported the Ming Dynasty
15th and 16th centuries
Europeans' world maps began to show large gaps
To fill the void, European expeditions established a network of bases and colonies around the world
1502~1504
Italian sailor Amerigo Vespucci’s article pointed out that Columbus discovered the New World
1775
Asia accounts for 80% of the global economy, with India and China accounting for 2/3
1750~1850
Europe conquered traditional Asian powers and gradually became the center of global power.
What's special
Imperialists in the past "conquered the world" in order to spread their own vision of the world
European imperialism in pursuit of new territories and new knowledge
Portuguese and Spanish navigators already had this concept in the 15th and 16th centuries
In the 18th and 19th centuries, every military expedition from Europe was accompanied by scientists.
In 1783, William Jones became an Indian judge, established the Asiatic Society, and discovered the Indo-European language family.
In the 1830s, Henry Rawlinson began to study and finally decipher ancient Persian, and the secrets of the ancient Middle Eastern empire were unlocked.
Influence
to local
offense
Providing new medicines, a better economic environment and security
to science
Science is used for evil purposes such as supporting racial discrimination
capitalism
changes in economic system
premodern economy
Believes that the economic aggregate remains unchanged and making a lot of money is a sin
Cycle: Limited credit, difficulty in raising funds to start a business, economic stagnation, little trust in the future
Production directly brings profits
modern economy
Believe that the economy will continue to grow
The concept of "credit"
Cycle: more credit, rapid growth, economic development, more trust in the future
The constant reciprocal cycle of production and profit
1776
Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations
Increasing personal profits will increase overall wealth, hire new employees, and make others better off.
Capitalist economic ethics: take out profits and continue investing in production
impact on science
The primary question for capitalist governments and enterprises to invest in scientific research: whether it can promote economic growth
The development process of European capitalism
1484
Columbus, Spanish Queen Invests
after
Europe conquers the world, all funds are provided by credit
1568
Netherlands defies Spain, wins trust in European financial system
Insist on repayment and judicial protection of private property
The Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602, and the Indonesian archipelago later became its colony.
Dutch West India Company colonizes New Amsterdam
End of 17th century
France and Britain began to compete for the position of Europe's financial and imperial engine
1717
Mississippi Bubble Erupts in France
It will be difficult for France to borrow money from now on
expansion of british empire
East India Company's rule of India
19th century
Closer integration of capitalism and imperialism, with the state directly safeguarding the interests of joint-stock companies
Now
Capitalism transcends the economic realm and becomes a set of ethics: economic growth is the highest good
industry
Core: The revolution in energy conversion
Thousands of years before the industrial revolution
Know that different energy sources are used, but the only method of conversion is muscle movement in any animal
9th century
China invented gunpowder
Convert thermal energy into kinetic energy
1700
British mines use steam engines
1825
steam train
atomic energy
Internal Combustion Engine: Petroleum
electricity
Impact on Agriculture: The “Second Agricultural Revolution”
Mechanization
Free up manpower
A lot of new products are pouring out
Mechanization of plants and animals
Length and quality of life are shaped by industry needs
Hormones, drugs, etc.
Agricultural land, poultry and livestock production surge
Food refrigeration and storage technology
Other significant impacts
From frugality to consumerism
Human dependence on ecosystems has been greatly reduced
The ecological environment has deteriorated and the number of wild animals has declined sharply.
Natural cycles transformed into precise time concepts
Families and local communities collapse and are replaced by the state and the market
Past: Three major frameworks since the individual: nuclear family, extended family, local close community
Now
The state and market not only liberate individuals, but also persecute and exploit them
Two modern imaginary communities (members no longer familiar with each other)
nationality
The consuming public (the imagined community of the market)
Integration and unity of humankind
The flow and integration of culture
Continuously changing
Changes with the external environment
Various internal conflicts arise and changes are made to resolve them
Integration of civilizations
About 10,000 B.C.
Thousands
2000 BC
Up to 2000~3000
Park 1450
90% of humanity is closely connected and roughly divided into 4 worlds
next 300 years
The Asian and African worlds devour other worlds
1521 Spain conquers the Aztec Empire and enters the Mesoamerican world
Magellan's journey around the world
Conquer the world of Oceania
1532 Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (Andean world)
1606 Europeans enter Australia
1788 British colonization begins
today
almost all human beings
Accept the same geopolitical system
use the same economic system
Accept the same scientific system
1000 BC Three possible orders to achieve the concept of global oneness: Breaking out of the binary distinction between “us” and “them”
monetary order
development path
The original agricultural society: each village was self-sufficient, plus a little barter with the outside world
3rd millennium BC
Sumerian wheat dollar (edible value)
2500 BC
Mesopotanian silver coin (currency that has no value in itself)
640 BC
The first coins of the Turkish Kingdom of West Brudia
late modern
The whole world becomes a single monetary zone, first with gold and silver, and later with credible currency
Features
Everyone believes that everything can be exchanged
Influence
Good: Easy to convert, store and transport wealth, cheap and the basis of a complex market economy
Bad: harms tradition, intimacy, and human values
imperial order
Empire Characteristics
Ethnic and cultural diversity
The territory is flexible and can be expanded infinitely
Influence
Subject to the people
To build and sustain an empire, survivors will be brutally oppressed
A lost group formed over the generations from being conquered to being fully accepted by the imperial elite.
culture
Sponsor culture, philosophy, justice, and public welfare through exploitation
Emphasize the legitimacy of the cultures of various ethnic groups and promote the dissemination and integration of cultures
development path
In 2250 BC, Sargon established the earliest empire: the Akkad Empire.
550 BC Cyrus the Great of Persia
Similar benign imperial ideas developed independently in various parts of the world: Central America, the Andes, China (to rationalize the existence of empires and prevent subject people from resisting)
now
The making of a global empire
In the 21st century, nationalism is rapidly losing its status, and the political direction is towards safeguarding the common interests of all mankind.
Global environmental issues, global market economy, global public opinion, and international justice shape the world, and the country's own territory and opinions gradually lose ground.
empire cycle
religious order
Prospects and Characteristics
prerequisite elements
The belief that the world has a superhuman order that does not arise from human imagination or agreement
Develop binding norms and values based on this transhuman order
Characteristics (appeared around 1000 B.C.)
Universal qualities: The superhuman order you believe in must be universal and true regardless of time and space.
Promotional traits: This belief must be firmly spread to the public
Background and development history
hunting and gathering period
Pantheism
Consider the interests of not only yourself, but also other species, spirits and ghosts
Agricultural revolution begins
religious revolution
Animals and plants have gone from being equal to humans to belonging to humans
Polytheism
Features
The world is controlled by a group of gods who control every aspect of human life
Most polytheists still believe that there is a supreme power in the universe, but it does not have any selfishness or prejudice, and there is no need to worship.
Influence
It not only improves God, but also improves the status of man.
religious tolerance
It is easy to believe in the existence of other gods and will not require subjects to change their beliefs
Born out of polytheism
dualist religion
Features: The world is a contest between the forces of good and evil, rather than a single god making laws.
development path
1500~1000 BC
Central Asia Zoroaster
His belief later formed the representative of dualist religion - Aojiao
First 550~350
The religion played an important role during the First Persian Empire
224~651
The religion became the state religion during the Second Persian Empire
gave birth to religions in the Middle East and Central Asia, such as Gnosticism and Manichaeism
3rd to 4th century AD
Manichaeism covered China to North Africa, but was later defeated by Christianity in ancient Rome and by Muslims in the Second Persian Empire. From then on, dualistic religion gradually declined.
monotheism
Features
More fanatical and passionate about proselytizing than polytheism, he has repeatedly launched violent wars to eliminate other religions
kaleidoscope
Christians believe in a monotheistic God, a dualistic devil, polytheistic saints, and pantheistic ghosts
"Comprehensive Photography"
development path
1350 BC
first monotheism
Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten: "Aten" is the Supreme Being of the Universe
Birth of Christianity
Origins and a sect of Judaism
7th century
Arabian Peninsula
The birth of Islam
500 BC
Christianity Conquers the Ancient Roman Empire
1000 BC
Most of Europe, West Asia and North Africa believe in monotheism
early 16th century
Except for East Asia and southern Africa, monotheism has controlled most of Asia and Africa, and has developed into South Africa, America and Oceania.
1000 B.C. Natural Laws
Buddhism in India, Taoism and Confucianism in China, cynicism and hedonism in the Mediterranean, etc.
Buddhism
Core figure: Gautama Buddha
Core idea: Pain comes from desire, accept the nature of things, let go of desire, and achieve nirvana
humanism
liberal humanism
Humanity is a personal concept, human rights, sanctification of humanity, anti-death penalty
social humanism
Human nature is a collective concept and everyone is equal
evolutionary humanism
Nazis: Humans are a species that can evolve and degenerate. We must protect excellent species and exterminate inferior species.
historical choice
The error of fatalism: history is chaotic and cannot be explained or predicted
The choice of history is never for the welfare of mankind
Mystery
Culture is a psychological parasite that exploits infected humans
Postmodernism
game theory
Certain concepts and behavioral patterns are harmful to everyone involved, but they continue to survive