MindMap Gallery Electrical equipment insulation withstand voltage test
This is a mind map about the insulation withstand voltage test of electrical equipment. The following figure includes: power frequency withstand voltage test, DC withstand voltage test, and impact withstand voltage test.
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Electrical equipment insulation withstand voltage test
1. Power frequency withstand voltage test
1. It is the most effective and direct method to effectively discover dangerous concentrated defects in insulation and identify the insulation strength of electrical equipment.
2. The test voltage is maintained for 1 minute
3. Generation of power frequency high voltage
1. High voltage test transformer
1. Oil-immersed structure
1. Single casing type: below 300KV
2. Double bushing type: 750KV
2. Cascade device
1. When U>=1000KV, cascade structure is generally adopted and auto-coupling connection is used.
2. Capacity utilization rate of n-level cascade devices = 2/(n 1); the more stages, the lower the capacity utilization rate (generally no more than three units)
3. The ratio of the capacities of three power frequency test transformers: 3:2:1
3. resonant circuit
1. Series resonance: The output voltage of the test transformer cannot meet the test requirements (equivalent to reducing the voltage of the required test transformer)
2. Parallel resonance: The capacity of the test transformer is insufficient, but the output voltage meets the requirements (equivalent to reducing the capacity of the required test transformer)
4. Frequency multiplier induced high voltage
1. Longitudinal insulation of fully insulated transformer
2. Main insulation and longitudinal insulation of graded insulation transformers
4. Commonly used voltage regulating devices: auto-coupling voltage regulator, induction voltage regulator, shifting coil voltage regulator, motor generator set
5. Measurement results
1. Effectiveness: local defects, moisture, cracks in the main insulation, insufficient lead distance, loose windings, impurities, bubbles in the oil and dirty winding insulation
2. Invalidity: longitudinal insulation insulation strength, phase insulation and partial neutral point insulation
2. DC withstand voltage test
1. Features
1. The capacity of the test equipment is small: the experimental device is small in size and light in weight, making it easy to transport to the site for testing.
2. The test equipment is the same as the leakage current measurement.
3. Facilitates detection of defects in motor end insulation
4. To some extent, it has the nature of non-destructive testing
5. The test of AC equipment is not as close to reality as the AC test
6. Test time: 5-10min
7. Generally, negative polarity DC voltage is used
2. When a power cable is subjected to a DC withstand voltage test, the voltage in its insulation is distributed according to the DC resistance.
3. Generation of DC high voltage
1. High voltage rectifier: The power frequency high voltage is converted into DC high voltage by the high voltage rectifier
1. Technical Parameters
1. Rated rectified current
2. Rated reverse peak voltage: should be > 2 times the AC voltage amplitude at the high voltage side of the test transformer
2. Basic technical parameters of half-wave rectifier circuit
1. Rated average output voltage
2. Rated average output current
3. Voltage ripple amplitude = half the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value
4. Voltage ripple coefficient: no more than 3%
2. Voltage doubler rectifier circuit: obtain higher DC voltage
3. Cascade DC high voltage generator
1. Output voltage = 2nU (n is the number of stages)
2. Slow boost speed
3. Impact withstand voltage test
1. Test the insulation and protection performance of high-voltage electrical equipment under the action of lightning overvoltage and operating overvoltage
2. Regulation
1. Equipment below 300kV
1. Insulation performance under power frequency working voltage, temporary overvoltage, and operating overvoltage
1. Short-time (1min) power frequency withstand voltage test
2. Insulation performance under lightning overvoltage
1. Lightning impulse withstand voltage test
2. 300kV and above equipment
1. Insulation performance under operating overvoltage
1. Artificial impact withstand voltage test
2. Insulation performance under lightning overvoltage
1. Lightning impulse withstand voltage test
3. impulse voltage generator
1. Single stage impulse voltage generator
1. The maximum voltage does not exceed 200-300kV
2. Wave front resistance Rf<< wave tail resistance Rt
3. Main capacitor C0>>Load capacitor Cf
2. Multi-stage impulse voltage generator: parallel charging, series discharge
4. Insulation impulse voltage test method
1. Internal insulation
1. Subject the tested product to three positive polarity and three negative polarity lightning impulse withstand voltage tests (1.2/50us full wave)
2. For equipment with windings (transformers, reactors), a lightning impulse chop wave (1.2/2-5us full wave) withstand voltage test is also required.
2. External insulation: 15 times each of positive and negative polarity lightning impulse full-wave voltage, and the time interval between two adjacent times is not less than 1 minute (in each group of 15 tests, if the number of flashovers does not exceed 2 times, the external insulation can be considered qualified