MindMap Gallery reversible battery electromotive force
Mind map of reversible battery electromotive force, including reversible battery and reversible electrode, measurement method, standard battery, electromotive force number, electromotive force generation mechanism, battery electromotive force and electrode potential, application of electromotive force measurement, etc.
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The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
reversible battery electromotive force
Reversible batteries and reversible electrodes
reversible battery
condition
chemical reversibility
energy reversibility
Single liquid battery (no liquid junction potential exists)
thermodynamics
Nernst equation
Design battery
Reversible electrode
condition
reaction reversible
The forward and reverse reaction rates are equivalent
type
Elemental-ion electrode (first type of electrode)
Metal-metal ion electrode
Gas-Ion Electrode
Metal refractory electrode (second type electrode)
Metal-refractory matter-negative ion electrode
Metal-insoluble oxide-H+ (OH-) electrode
Oxidation-reduction electrode (type 3 electrode)
Determination
Condition: I→0
method
voltmeter
There is current flowing through
The battery has internal resistance
Solution
Add a reverse equal electromotive force battery to the external circuit
elimination method
Standard battery
Weston standard battery
Number of electromotive force
E>0
Specifies that the reaction is spontaneous
E<0
Specifies that the reaction is not spontaneous
The mechanism of electromotive force generation
cause
The formation of "double potential"
Characteristic adsorption on the interface
Orientation of dipolar molecules in the interface layer
Interface potential (potential) difference
Metal-electrolyte solution interface potential difference
Contact potential difference (metal interface potential difference)
Liquid junction potential difference (liquid junction potential)
Function: Reach a stable state during non-equilibrium diffusion
Features: Diffusion is irreversible, and it is difficult to measure the stable value of the reversible potential.
eliminate
Using single liquid battery
Salt bridge between two liquid phases
Only the liquid junction potential can be reduced
How "Salt Bridge" works
Battery electromotive force and electrode potential
reference electrode
Primary standard electrode (hydrogen standard electrode)
Secondary standard electrode (such as calomel electrode)
Battery type
by construction
Single liquid battery
Dual liquid battery
According to the cause of electromotive force
chemical battery
Concentration difference battery
calculate
Applications of Electromotive Force Measurement
Determination of thermodynamic quantities
Determination of average activity coefficient of electrolyte solution
Determine the pH of a solution
Potentiometric titration