MindMap Gallery educational psychology
For students' cognitive development, Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development emphasizes the stages and adaptability of cognitive development, pointing out that children gradually construct and enrich their cognitive structure through interaction with the environment.
Edited at 2024-04-05 20:15:30Ce calendrier annuel, créé avec EdrawMax, présente une disposition claire et organisée des mois de janvier à décembre. Chaque mois est affiché dans un cadre distinct, montrant les jours de la semaine et les dates correspondantes. Les weekends (samedis et dimanches) sont mis en évidence pour une meilleure visibilité. Ce format est idéal pour la planification et l'organisation des activités tout au long de l'année, offrant une vue d'ensemble rapide et facile à consulter.
This quarterly calendar overview for 2026, created with EdrawMax, presents a structured and colorful layout of the entire year divided into four quarters. Each quarter is displayed in a separate column, showcasing the months within that quarter in a clear grid format. The days of the week are labeled, and each date is marked within its respective cell, allowing for easy identification of dates across the year. This calendar is an excellent tool for long-term planning, providing a comprehensive view of the year at a glance.
This weekly calendar for 2026 is designed using EdrawMax to provide a detailed and organized view of each week, starting from January. The left side features a mini monthly calendar for quick reference, highlighting the current week in yellow. Below it, there's a section for weekly goals to help prioritize tasks. The main area is a time-grid from 6:00 AM to 12:00 AM, divided into half-hour slots, allowing for precise scheduling of daily activities throughout the week. This layout is ideal for managing a busy schedule efficiently.
Ce calendrier annuel, créé avec EdrawMax, présente une disposition claire et organisée des mois de janvier à décembre. Chaque mois est affiché dans un cadre distinct, montrant les jours de la semaine et les dates correspondantes. Les weekends (samedis et dimanches) sont mis en évidence pour une meilleure visibilité. Ce format est idéal pour la planification et l'organisation des activités tout au long de l'année, offrant une vue d'ensemble rapide et facile à consulter.
This quarterly calendar overview for 2026, created with EdrawMax, presents a structured and colorful layout of the entire year divided into four quarters. Each quarter is displayed in a separate column, showcasing the months within that quarter in a clear grid format. The days of the week are labeled, and each date is marked within its respective cell, allowing for easy identification of dates across the year. This calendar is an excellent tool for long-term planning, providing a comprehensive view of the year at a glance.
This weekly calendar for 2026 is designed using EdrawMax to provide a detailed and organized view of each week, starting from January. The left side features a mini monthly calendar for quick reference, highlighting the current week in yellow. Below it, there's a section for weekly goals to help prioritize tasks. The main area is a time-grid from 6:00 AM to 12:00 AM, divided into half-hour slots, allowing for precise scheduling of daily activities throughout the week. This layout is ideal for managing a busy schedule efficiently.
student cognitive development
1. psychological development
1.1. cognitive development
Piaget's stage theory of cognitive development
The restrictive effect of cognitive development on learning, emphasizing that education should be adapted to the level of cognitive development
Vygotsky's theory of historical and cultural development
Advocates promoting cognitive development through purposeful and systematic teaching
1.2. personality development
Erikson-psychosocial development theory
Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development
2. Piaget
2.1. The essence of cognitive development
The essence of cognitive development is adaptation
Schema - refers to the process of children adapting to the environment
Assimilation - the process by which individuals use existing schemas to incorporate new stimuli into existing cognitive structures
Quantitative change
Accommodation - the cognitive process of changing existing schemas or forming new schemas to adapt to new stimuli
qualitative change
Balance - refers to the balance between assimilation and accommodation
2.2. Factors affecting cognitive development
Maturity - development of body organs and systems
Practice and experience - individual actions exerted on objects
Social experience - the interaction between people and the transmission of social culture [education, language learning, etc.]
Balancing process - regulates the interaction between the individual (maturity) and the environment (physical and social)
2.3. Four stages of cognitive development
Sensory motor stage (0-2)
object eternity
goal directed behavior
Pre-operational stage (2-7)
Not getting the concept of conservation
Stereotype
irreversibility of thinking
self-centered
Animism
collective monologue
Concrete operation stage (7-11)
Thinking is multi-dimensional, dynamic and reversible
rigid observance
Get rid of egocentrism
Formal operation stage (11-16)
Thinking can be carried out in the form of propositions
Thinking close to adult level - hypothesis deduction, abstraction, systematic thinking
Abide by the rules without rigidity
2.4. The relationship between cognitive development and teaching
Recognize the limitations of children’s cognitive development levels
Provide activities
Create the best difficulty
Understand how children think
Let children participate in more social activities
3. Vygotsky
3.1. theory of cultural and historical development
Two mental functions (lower and higher)
Theory of Two Tools (Material and Mental Tools)
3.2. The nature of psychological development
The continuous development of voluntary functions
Improvement of abstract summary function
The relationship between various psychological functions is constantly changing and reorganizing to form an indirect, symbolic-mediated psychological structure.
personalization of mental activity
3.3. zone of proximal development
Children's current development level and upcoming development level
The relationship between the actual developmental level of independent problem solving and the potential developmental level of problem solving with adult guidance or other children's cooperation.
Teaching should be in advance of children’s current developmental level
3.4. The relationship between teaching and cognitive development
The meaning of teaching: (In a broad sense, it refers to the means by which children master spiritual production through activities and interactions, with a spontaneous nature.) In a narrow sense, it refers to a form of communication in which teaching is carried out in a purposeful and planned manner, creating the psychological development of children.
Zone of proximal development - the gap between the true developmental level of independent problem solving and the potential developmental level of problem solving under adult guidance or in cooperative situations with other children
Teaching should be at the forefront of development
The best period for learning
The "internalization" theory of cognitive development
4. General laws of personality development
4.1. Continuity and stages coexist
4.2. Development is directional and sequential
4.3. Imbalance
4.4. commonalities and individual differences
5. General laws of cognitive development
5.1. Continuously develop from simple concrete to complex abstract
5.2. From unintentional to intentional development
5.3. From generalization to differentiation
6. The meaning of personality development education
6.1. Psychosocial Development-Erickson
Personality development has continuity and stages
Appropriate education can develop students' ability to solve developmental crises
Teenagers want to get rid of parental control and become independent people
How to do it
Middle school students should never be treated like "children"
Young people should no longer be looked down upon in front of others
Give them clear knowledge and let them complete tasks independently
Pay attention to the influence of peers
6.2. Moral Development-Kohlberg
First understand the level of moral development of children
The sequence of children's moral development is certain and cannot be reversed.
Exposure to ethical environments and ethical dilemmas
7. cognitive development education meaning
7.1. Teaching should be adapted to children’s cognitive development levels
7.2. Students’ cognitive development should be guided and promoted
7.3. Students must actively participate in activities
7.4. Learning is a process of active construction
7.5. Education and teaching should adapt to individual differences
Chapter 2 Student Psychology