MindMap Gallery heart failure
Heart failure summary and detailed mind map, mainly including causes, clinical manifestations, assessment, Diagnosis and treatment, Nursing etc.
Edited at 2024-04-05 15:27:58Ce calendrier annuel, créé avec EdrawMax, présente une disposition claire et organisée des mois de janvier à décembre. Chaque mois est affiché dans un cadre distinct, montrant les jours de la semaine et les dates correspondantes. Les weekends (samedis et dimanches) sont mis en évidence pour une meilleure visibilité. Ce format est idéal pour la planification et l'organisation des activités tout au long de l'année, offrant une vue d'ensemble rapide et facile à consulter.
This quarterly calendar overview for 2026, created with EdrawMax, presents a structured and colorful layout of the entire year divided into four quarters. Each quarter is displayed in a separate column, showcasing the months within that quarter in a clear grid format. The days of the week are labeled, and each date is marked within its respective cell, allowing for easy identification of dates across the year. This calendar is an excellent tool for long-term planning, providing a comprehensive view of the year at a glance.
This weekly calendar for 2026 is designed using EdrawMax to provide a detailed and organized view of each week, starting from January. The left side features a mini monthly calendar for quick reference, highlighting the current week in yellow. Below it, there's a section for weekly goals to help prioritize tasks. The main area is a time-grid from 6:00 AM to 12:00 AM, divided into half-hour slots, allowing for precise scheduling of daily activities throughout the week. This layout is ideal for managing a busy schedule efficiently.
Ce calendrier annuel, créé avec EdrawMax, présente une disposition claire et organisée des mois de janvier à décembre. Chaque mois est affiché dans un cadre distinct, montrant les jours de la semaine et les dates correspondantes. Les weekends (samedis et dimanches) sont mis en évidence pour une meilleure visibilité. Ce format est idéal pour la planification et l'organisation des activités tout au long de l'année, offrant une vue d'ensemble rapide et facile à consulter.
This quarterly calendar overview for 2026, created with EdrawMax, presents a structured and colorful layout of the entire year divided into four quarters. Each quarter is displayed in a separate column, showcasing the months within that quarter in a clear grid format. The days of the week are labeled, and each date is marked within its respective cell, allowing for easy identification of dates across the year. This calendar is an excellent tool for long-term planning, providing a comprehensive view of the year at a glance.
This weekly calendar for 2026 is designed using EdrawMax to provide a detailed and organized view of each week, starting from January. The left side features a mini monthly calendar for quick reference, highlighting the current week in yellow. Below it, there's a section for weekly goals to help prioritize tasks. The main area is a time-grid from 6:00 AM to 12:00 AM, divided into half-hour slots, allowing for precise scheduling of daily activities throughout the week. This layout is ideal for managing a busy schedule efficiently.
Section 3 Heart Failure
Cause
hypertension
Basic cause
Myocardial damage
original
Ischemia (coronary heart disease), myocarditis, cardiomyopathy
Secondary
Metabolism (diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism), cardiotoxic substances
Overloaded
Pressure (front) load
Hypertension, main stenosis, pulmonary A hypertension, pulmonary stenosis
Capacity (after) load
Valvular insufficiency, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, circulating blood volume↑
Circulating blood volume↑: chronic anemia, hyperthyroidism, peripartum cardiomyopathy
inducement
Respiratory tract infection (most common), atrial fibrillation, intravenous fluids
clinical manifestations
left heart failure
pulmonary congestion
Difficulty breathing
Exertional dyspnea (the earliest) → nocturnal paroxysmal (the most typical) → orthopnea (the most severe)
Cough, expectoration, and hemoptysis
White frothy sputum
Hemoptysis: rupture of collaterals of pulmonary circulation and bronchial blood circulation
Pulmonary rales (major sign)
CO↓
Fatigue, dizziness
kidney damage
Oliguria, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen↑
galloping rhythm, alternating pulse
Right heart failure
systemic congestion
Gastrointestinal tract: Gastrointestinal reactions (earliest)
Neck V: jugular venous distention, positive hepatojugular reflux sign (characteristic)
Liver: Hepatomegaly
Lower limbs: edema
total heart failure
Difficulty breathing ↓ (return of blood volume ↓)
assessment
NYHA classification
/soon/long time I/II/III/IV/: not/mild/obvious/rest
installment
A/B/C/D: high risk factors/structure/structure function/rest treatment
6-minute walk experiment
(150-450m): light/medium/heavy
diagnosis
Echocardiogram (confirmed)
Ejection fraction (contraction)
E/A (diastolic)
BUP: important indication
treat
Traditional three medicines
Strong heart
Digitalis
digoxin, trichoside
mechanism
Inhibit NA-K-ATPase →
Positive inotropy (main)
Negative frequencies (delayed atrioventricular conduction)
excited vagus nerve
Indications
Heart Failure Atrial Fibrillation (Best)
Contraindications
The second one is the most upright Pre-excitation syndrome, mitral stenosis, myocardial infarction within 24 hours, obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe atrioventricular block,
Poisoned
Performance
Gastrointestinal reaction (earliest)
Early sexual intercourse (bigemy) (most common)
Nervous system manifestations: yellow-green
deal with
Discontinue medication if HR <60; supplement potassium
Tachyarrhythmias: Phenytoin
Slow............: atropine, pacemaker
Defibrillation without electricity (induced ventricular fibrillation)
prevention
High sensitivity: the elderly, myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, severe heart failure, hypokalemia, hypomagnesium, and decreased renal function
Concomitant drugs are prone to poisoning: quinidine, amiodarone, verapamil, and aspirin
Trinoside C/Trichoside K: Dilute and inject slowly for 10-15 minutes
Effective indicators
The heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and stomach are thin and developing in a good direction.
Non-cardiotropic drugs
B receptor inhibitors: dopamine, dobutamine
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor: Milrinone
diuretic
Potassium-depleting diuretics
Furosemide (furosemide), hydrochlorothiazide
Adverse reactions: hypotension (myasthenia, U wave), hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia
Guaranteed price diuretics
Spironolactone
Adverse reactions: hyperkalemia
dilate blood vessels
Generally not used
Contraindications: Obstruction/stenosis of blood outflow tract
Golden Triangle
ACEI (preferred)
Captopril
Mechanism: ① Inhibit RAAS system ② Improve ventricular remodeling
Adverse reactions: irritating dry cough
B receptor inhibitor
Bicarol, Cavilol, Metoprolol
Mechanism: ① Inhibit sympathetic nerves ② Improve ventricular remodeling
Adverse reactions: hypotension, bradycardia, fluid retention
aldosterone receptor inhibitor
Furosemide (draining sodium and preserving potassium)
care
nursing issues
Impaired gas exchange associated with pulmonary congestion
Excessive body fluid is related to systemic circulation congestion, water and sodium retention, and hypoalbuminemia
Decreased activity tolerance is related to decreased CO
Risk of compromised skin integrity
Malnutrition: less than body requirements
Risk of digitalis poisoning
Nursing measures
Position: semi-recumbent position
diet
Low salt (2-3g/d)
Water limit (1.5-2.0L/d), negative balance 500ml/d