family Education

social education

school education

The title "teacher" specifically refers to professionals who perform educational and teaching responsibilities in social education activities.

educational content

educational measures

Education is a social phenomenon unique to human beings, transforming natural people into social people

Education is a process of cultivating educated people consciously, purposefully and consciously, which shows that education is essentially different from other social phenomena

There are contradictory movements among educators, educated people and social demands in education.

Education is a social phenomenon. It arises from the needs of social life and ultimately arises from productive labor.

Deny the social nature of education

ancient China

ancient india

ancient greece

Characteristics of ancient education

Everyone is educated, especially school-age children are enrolled in primary school, and all young and middle-aged people are literate

Negation of hierarchical, privileged and authoritarian nature of education

On the objects of education: teaching without distinction

On the role of education

On Educational Purposes and Educational Goals

On the content of education: "Benevolence" and "Li" are the core. Teaching syllabus: "Educate yourself in literature and make appointments with etiquette"

On the principles and methods of teaching: If you are not angry, you will not be enlightened; if you are not angry, you will not be motivated; teach students in accordance with their aptitude; pay equal attention to learning and thinking; learning without thinking will lead to failure; thinking without learning will lead to peril

Other famous quotes on education: "If a person is upright, he will act without being told; if he is not upright, he will not follow orders even though he is told." "You can become a teacher by reviewing the past and learning the new."

"Xue Ji" is the earliest work in human history that specifically discusses educational issues.

Source: From "Book of Rites"

Known as the prototype of pedagogy

education doctrine

was the first book to study pedagogy

Known as the highest achievement of ancient European educational theory

Famous for his eloquence and the question-and-answer method of young wise men

Question-and-answer teaching format

Representative work: "Utopia"

View

was an encyclopedic scholar from ancient Greece

Book: "Political Science"

The ideological origin of emphasizing human development in education

In 1806, Herbart's "General Pedagogy" marked the emergence of pedagogy as a standardized and independent discipline.

In 1623, the British philosopher Bacon first regarded "pedagogy" as an independent science and placed it alongside other disciplines.

"The Theory of Great Teaching"

"Pan-Smart School"

"Illustration of the World"

Book: "Education Talk"

"Talks on a whiteboard"

Promote gentleman’s education and despise national education

Book: "Emile", advocating that children should be allowed to develop naturally.

Viewpoint: Human nature is good, but it is destroyed by existing education and environment

Swiss educator who advocates basing education and teaching on psychology

For the first time in the history of education, the slogan "psychological education" was proposed.

"Kant on Education" Pedagogy included in university curriculum

The German Herbart is known as the "Father of Modern Education" and for the first time tried to base education on philosophy and psychology.

Herbart's "General Pedagogy" marks the establishment of normative pedagogy

Emphasis on two major theoretical foundations - philosophical and ethical foundations and psychological foundations

Proposed a four-stage theory of teaching process - "understanding, association, system and method"

The three centers of the teaching process—teacher center, book center, and classroom center

Herbart's educational thought is regarded as a representative of traditional educational theory.

Representative figures of experimental education: Rai, Meiman

Meijmann of Germany first proposed experimental pedagogy

German Rye's "Experimental Pedagogy" completed a systematic discussion of experimental pedagogy.

Author: American Dewey

Viewpoint: School is society, education is life, learn by doing

Based on experience, emphasizing the central role of children in education

Proposed three new centers: student center, activity center, and experience center

Discuss the purpose of education for all-round development

Pay attention to the status and role of intellectual education

It had a great impact on education in the early days of the founding of New China

Divide educational goals into three categories: cognitive goals, emotional goals, and motor skill goals.

Proposed "structural teaching theory"

Advocate the discovery method and cultivate students’ exploration spirit and creative ability

Put forward the "development teaching theory"

The core of the theory is "to achieve the most ideal development level of students with the best teaching effect."

Emphasis on the combination of students' general development and special development

Proposed five new teaching principles

Apply modern cybernetics and systems theory perspectives to the study of teaching theory

Put forward the theory of teaching process optimization