MindMap Gallery Health Manager Basic Knowledge Chapter 4 Common Chronic Diseases Section 8 Other Common Chronic Diseases
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The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
Health Manager Basic Knowledge Chapter 4 Common Chronic Diseases Section 8 Other common chronic diseases
Zero, overview
"China's Mid- and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases (2017-2025)"
Office of the State Council
Published January 2017
Chronic diseases mainly include
Cardiovascular disease
malignant tumor
chronic respiratory disease
diabetes
Oral diseases
endocrine, kidney, bone
neurological diseases
"National Healthy Lifestyle Action Plan (2017-2025)"
Former National Health and Family Planning Commission
Published April 2017
Carry out in-depth special actions of “three reductions and three health”
“Three reductions” include reducing salt, reducing oil, and reducing sugar.
The “Three Healths” are healthy mouth, healthy weight and healthy bones.
1. Overweight or obesity
"Report on Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status of Chinese Residents (2015)"
Adults 18 years and above
Overweight rate = 30.1%
Obesity rate = 11.9%
increased from 2002
7.3%
4.8%
Children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years old
Overweight rate = 9.6%
Obesity rate = 6.4%
increased from 2002
5.1%
4.3%
(1) Concept and judgment criteria of overweight or obesity
definition
overweight
Weight exceeds the normal standard for corresponding height
and a physical state between normal and obese
obesity
Weight continues to increase on top of being overweight
An overweight body state that occurs after reaching another standard corresponding to the corresponding height.
Judgment indicators¬¬¬
body mass index = body mass index = BMI
definition
An index that calculates the ratio of height to weight
Calculation method
The ratio of weight (kg) to height (m) squared
unit
kg/m2
The current cut-off point for adult BMI in my country
normal
18.5≤BMI<24
overweight
24≤BMI<28
obesity
28≤BMI
(2) Main causes of overweight or obesity¬¬¬
The reasons are more complicated
genetic factors
envirnmental factor
dietary factors
active factors
lifestyle factors
psychological factors
social factors
economic factors
collective effect
From a metabolic perspective
The occurrence of obesity is based on metabolic disorders
1. Genetic factors
Obesity has a clear tendency to cluster in families
In family inheritance, the closer the blood relationship is, the higher the chance of obesity.
2. Dietary factors
Multiple causes of adult obesity
Too much energy intake
fried food
high fat food
sugary food
alcoholic beverages
nutritional deficiency
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B6
niacin
Affects the conversion of fat into energy
Not drinking enough water can affect fat metabolism
protein deficiency
Decrease the body's basal metabolic rate
Reduce body energy consumption
Causes accumulation of body fat
3. Activity factors
Not enough physical activity
Less physical exercise
sedentary lifestyle
Reduce body energy consumption
Cause excess energy in the body
Cause obesity
4. Other factors
psychological factors
social factors
economic factors
direct or indirect impact
eating habits
increased risk of obesity
Overeating in the face of stress
resulting in excess body energy
low education level
low social level
low income level
It is also related to obesity
2. Osteoporosis
(0 Preface
definition
Osteoporosis is an age-related systemic and metabolic skeletal system disease
status quo
The aging of the population is becoming increasingly serious, and osteoporosis has become an important public health problem facing our country.
Number and proportion of sick people
Prevalence of osteoporosis in people over 50 years old
Female 20.7%
Male 14.4%
year 2006
There are nearly 70 million osteoporosis patients in my country
More than 200 million people have osteopenia
Clinical symptoms
In the early stage, there is often no obvious feeling and is often not taken seriously.
When it develops to a certain extent, symptoms such as pain, hunchback, height loss, and fractures may occur.
In the later stage, the quality of life is seriously affected, and the disability rate is high.
(1) Definition and diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis
definition
1994
WHO
Osteoporosis is a progressive disease of the skeletal system
feature
Low bone mass in bone tissue
Degeneration of bone microstructure
With increased bone fragility
Easy to fracture
Diagnose based on
osteopenia
Decreased bone mineral density (BMD)
Kneeling fracture occurs
Important indicators for early diagnosis
Bone density testing
Bone metabolism biochemical indicators
bone minerals
bone metabolism regulating hormone
bone turnover markers
The main basis for diagnosis
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures bone density
(2) Main risk factors for osteothioporosis
gender
age
Race
figure
weight
family history of fractures
Calcium and Vitamin D Intake
Daily sunshine duration
Activity level
Smoking history
Drinking alcohol, tea or coffee
premature menopause
menopause time
Hormone replacement therapy after menopause
Number of pregnancies
Have a disease that affects bone metabolism
Use of drugs that affect bone metabolism
High-risk groups
Men over 50 years old
postmenopausal women
People with calcium and vitamin D deficiency, smoking, excessive alcohol and coffee, lack of physical activity, low sex hormones, etc.
3. Oral health
(0)Prevalence and current situation
Prevalence
2015
The caries prevalence rate among 5-year-old children is 70.9%
Caries prevalence among 12-year-old children is 34.5%
Compared with ten years ago, it has increased
5.8%
7.8%
35~44 years old
The detection rate of calculus in the mouth is 96.7%
The detection rate of gum bleeding was 87.4%
compared to ten years ago
up 10.1%
status quo
Oral disease prevalence and incidence are high
It is a common disease and frequently-occurring disease that affects the health of our residents.
has become one of the major public health issues endangering residents' health.
(1) Definition and judgment criteria of oral health
definition
In 2010, WHO proposed
Oral health includes: freedom from the following problems
Oral and maxillofacial chronic pain
Oropharyngeal cancer
Oral ulcers
Congenital defects such as cleft lip and palate
Periodontal (gum) disease
Caries
tooth loss
Other diseases and disorders affecting the oral cavity
Criteria for judging oral health include
Have good oral hygiene
sound oral function
no oral disease
elements
(1) No pain or discomfort
(2) Good functions: chewing, swallowing and speech functions
(3) Psychological aspect: normal appearance, no impact on self-esteem, personal satisfaction
(4) Social aspect: does not affect social communication
(2) The main harm of oral diseases to general health¬¬¬
mainly include
Caries
periodontal disease
summary
Affects the physiological functions of the oral cavity
Have varying degrees of impact on overall health
Become a risk factor for some systemic diseases
1. Cardiovascular diseases
oral infection
Especially periodontal infection
lead to
Increase the concentration of C-reactive protein and other biomarkers in patients' peripheral blood
leading to increased levels of systemic fever
Participate in or promote the formation of atherosclerosis through multiple mechanisms
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
2. Respiratory diseases
When oral hygiene deteriorates
lead to
It is easy for respiratory pathogenic bacteria to proliferate and cause infection
At the same time, as dental plaque forms and changes
Make it easier for respiratory pathogenic bacteria to colonize the oral cavity
Eventually causing lung infection through inhalation
3. Diabetes
There is a two-way correlation between diabetes and periodontitis
On the one hand, diabetes is a risk factor for periodontitis
On the other hand, periodontitis has a negative impact on metabolic regulation of diabetes
thereby affecting blood sugar control and increasing the risk of diabetic complications.
4. Premature and low birth weight babies
Periodontal pathogenic bacteria can cause intrauterine infection through maternal bacteremia and placental passage
Lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth and low birth weight infants
Premature birth is the most important harm caused by periodontal disease to pregnant women
5. Other diseases
chronic gastritis
stomach upset
rheumatoid arthritis
kidney disease
Children's growth and development
Note: ¬¬¬Things marked are key contents