MindMap Gallery Health Manager Basic Knowledge Chapter 4 Common Chronic Diseases Section 5 Coronary Heart Disease
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The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
Health Manager Basic Knowledge Chapter 4 Common Chronic Diseases Section 5 Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
Zero, overview
Definition¬¬¬
coronary atherosclerotic heart disease
coronary heart disease
ischemic heart disease
due to severe atherosclerotic stenosis or obstruction of the coronary arteries
Or combined with spasm on this basis
and thrombosis
cause
coronary artery insufficiency
Myocardial ischemia
infarction
a heart disease
status quo
Coronary heart disease is a major global health problem
year 2006
WHO announces: top five disease burdens worldwide
Coronary heart disease ranks second among men
Ranked third among women
in China
because
Aging population
social urbanization
lifestyle changes
The incidence and mortality of the disease are increasing
1. Classification, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods of coronary heart disease
Classification¬¬¬
In 1979, WHO
① Silent myocardial ischemia
② Angina pectoris
③ Myocardial infarction
④ Ischemic cardiomyopathy
⑤ Sudden death
nearly 10 years
acute coronary syndrome
unstable angina
Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
sudden death from coronary heart disease
chronic coronary disease
stable angina
Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries
Silent myocardial ischemia
Ischemic heart failure (ischemic cardiomyopathy)
If it appears
Typical angina pectoris
or
Myocardial infarction occurs
The clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease can be basically clear
Characteristics of typical angina pectoris
1.Inducements
physical activity
emotional
A full meal
cold
Tachycardia
2. Site and radiation site
Typical parts
Behind the upper middle part of the body of the sternum
precordium
Often radiates to
left shoulder
Inner arm to little finger and ring finger
Or to the neck, pharynx, and mandible
The range of pain in the precordium is as big as the palm of your hand and the boundaries are unclear
3. Nature
oppression
austerity
Feeling stuffy
Sometimes feeling suffocated and dying
Pain can be mild or severe
Severe cases are accompanied by anxiety and cold sweats
During an attack, patients often unconsciously stop their original activities until symptoms subside.
4. Duration and relief
Pain often worsens after onset
Relieve on its own within 1 to 5 minutes
Occasionally up to 15 minutes
Relieved by rest or sublingual nitroglycerin
clinical manifestations
About 1/3~1/2 have acute myocardial infarction as the first manifestation
Clinical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction vary greatly
1/3 of patients
Sudden onset
extremely serious
He died outside the hospital before reaching the hospital.
Another 1/4~1/3 patients
No symptoms
or
Symptoms were very mild and no medical treatment was given
its prominent symptoms
chest pain
The pain is more severe than angina pectoris
Squeezing or strangulating
unbearable
The patient feels imminent and restless
The site and radiation site are the same as those of angina pectoris
long lasting
Mostly half an hour to several hours or longer
Rest and nitroglycerin do not provide relief
Narcotic analgesics are often required
Diagnosis basis
Typical clinical manifestations
Characteristic electrocardiographic changes
Elevated serum enzymes
diagnosis method
No history of acute myocardial infarction
There are no typical patients with heartache
It is necessary to comprehensively consider coronary heart disease risk factors, age, gender, and clinical history.
Exclusion of other heart diseases
Comprehensive consideration of many aspects
Diagnosis requires pathoanatomical evidence of coronary artery stenosis
The gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery stenosis
coronary angiography
in recent years
Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) coronary artery imaging
Increasingly becoming an important means of coronary artery examination
Clinically, exercise can induce myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery stenosis ≥50%.
Therefore, coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% is generally regarded as a clinically significant lesion.
2. Epidemiology of coronary heart disease
2015
cardiovascular disease mortality
City
264.284/100,000
rural area
298.42/100,000
Cardiovascular disease mortality ratio
City
42.61%
rural area
45.01%
year 2013
Number of deaths from cardiovascular disease 3.7224 million
46% increase from 1990
death toll
Increase respectively
ischemic heart disease
91%
ischemic stroke
143.3%
hemorrhagic stroke
18%
Stroke
ischemic heart disease
It is the main cause of mortality and premature death in our country.
Lower incidence of coronary heart disease
Higher incidence of stroke
There are large regional differences The general trend is that the north is higher than the south
in recent years
The incidence of ischemic stroke is still increasing
Hemorrhagic stroke incidence has declined
The incidence of acute coronary heart disease events also continues to increase
And young and middle-aged men have a larger increase
2012~2013
Age-standardized incidence rate of stroke in people over 20 years old: 246.28/100,000 person-years
It is estimated that 24 million new strokes occur in my country every year
2016
The number of people currently suffering from major cardiovascular diseases is 290 million
Hypertension 270 million
Stroke 13 million
Coronary heart disease 11 million
3. Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors
(1) High blood pressure
important risk factors
The higher the blood pressure
The more severe the atherosclerosis
The likelihood of developing coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction is also higher
Blood pressure exceeds 160/90mmHg
2.3 times more likely to have coronary heart disease than those with blood pressure below this level
Diastolic blood pressure exceeds 94mmHg
The risk of coronary heart disease is 3.6 times higher than that of people with normal blood pressure
Hypertension occurs at an earlier age
Increased risk of coronary heart disease in the future
heart failure
ischemic cerebrovascular disease
coronary heart disease
intermittent claudication
Prevalence
All increase with the increase in blood pressure
Relative risk of developing coronary heart disease
Male patients with hypertension
3.87
female hypertensive patients
4.21
(2) Dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
Population serum total cholesterol levels are directly proportional to the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main source of cholesterol in atheromatous plaques
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is negatively correlated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease
The earlier the age at which serum cholesterol levels rise, the greater the chance of developing coronary heart disease in the future.
(3) Overweight and obesity
Obesity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease
Obesity can increase blood pressure and serum cholesterol
For every 10% increase in body mass index
Blood pressure increased by an average of 6.5mmHg
Serum cholesterol increased by an average of 0.48 mmol/L
Men aged 35~44
Increase body mass index by 10%
38% increased risk of coronary heart disease
20% weight gain
86% increased risk of coronary heart disease
(4) Diabetes
Diabetic patients are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease
The disease is more severe, more extensive, the prognosis is worse, and the age of onset is earlier
Coronary heart disease is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes
Hypertensive patients with diabetes are twice as likely to develop coronary heart disease as hypertensive patients without diabetes
(5) Lifestyle
1. Smoking
causing coronary artery spasm
Induce angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
damage to the arterial lining
Promote the formation of atherosclerosis
Smokers' risk of death from coronary heart disease increases with the amount of cigarettes smoked
Ex-smokers have lower mortality from coronary heart disease than smokers
The longer people quit smoking, the lower the mortality rate from coronary heart disease
2. Diet
People in areas with a high incidence of coronary heart disease often have diets rich in
Fat
Meat
dairy products
vegetable oil
fish
rich in
unsaturated fatty acid
reduce
Triglycerides
Low-density lipoprotein
Dietary fiber has the effect of lowering blood lipids
3. Physical activity
People who are physically inactive are 1.5 to 2.4 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than those who are physically active
(6) The combined effect of multiple risk factors
The more combined risk factors
Greater likelihood of atherosclerosis or comorbidities
There are three main risk factors
Serum cholesterol ≥6.46mmol/L
Diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg
Have a history of smoking
Prevalence of coronavirus disease
8 times higher than those who have none of these three factors
4 times more likely than those with both risk factors
(7) Others
Family history of coronary heart disease plays an important role in its occurrence and is an independent risk factor
Stress, worry, time urgency
For patients with existing coronary heart disease
can induce acute attacks
Note: ¬¬¬Things marked are key contents