MindMap Gallery Chapter 3 Practice, Understanding and Development
This is a mind map about Chapter 3 Practice and Understanding and its Development. The main contents include: Section 2 Truth and Value, Section 1 Understanding and Practice.
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The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
Chapter 3 Practice, Understanding and Development
Section 2 Truth and Value
objectivity of truth
meaning of truth
A philosophical category that marks the correspondence between subjectivity and objectivity
Correct reflection of objective things and their laws
Two meanings
The content of truth is objective
The form of truth is subjective
unity of truth
Under the same conditions, there is only one understanding of the truth of a specific cognitive object. Does not change due to differences and changes in subject understanding
The Emperor's New Clothes P32
Notice
Truth is not an objective thing
The absoluteness and relativity of truth
The dual nature of a truth (absoluteness and relativity)
absolute truth
meaning
truth unconditional, absolute
Features
Unity of subjectivity and objectivity (correct understanding)
Any truth must contain objective content that is consistent with the objective object, and there are principled boundaries with fallacies.
knowability
Human understanding can correctly understand the infinitely developing material world
relative truth
meaning
Under certain conditions (certain scope, degree, conditions), there are limits to correct understanding
Features
The object reflected by truth is conditional and limited
The degree to which truth reflects objective objects is also conditional and limited.
Absolute/relative truth relationship (unity of opposites)
Two attributes of the same objective truth
mutually continuous, mutually inclusive
dialectical transformation
Reflect the infinity (absoluteness) and finiteness (relativity) of human understanding The unity of supremacy and non-supremacy
Two erroneous tendencies
Absolutism (not changing with the times)
Only recognizing absolute truth and denying relative truth manifests itself as dogmatism and ideological rigidity.
Relativism (sophistry)
Only recognizing relative truth and denying absolute truth manifests itself as sophistry and skepticism
truth and value
the difference
connotation
Truth is people’s correct reflection of objective things and their laws
Value is the value of objects to individuals, groups and even The positive significance of the life and activities of the entire society
Features
Truth: objectivity, absoluteness (consistency between subjectivity and objectivity), relativity (under certain conditions)
Value: subjectivity, objectivity, social history, multidimensionality (the value of different aspects of the object)
value evaluation
Evaluation takes the value relationship between subject and object as the cognitive object (it does not evaluate the object in isolation)
The evaluation results are directly related to the evaluation subject
The correctness of the evaluation results depends on the understanding of the object situation and the subject's needs.
Section 1 Understanding and Practice
practice
Essence, basic structure, basic characteristics, basic type
meaning
The social and material activities through which human beings actively transform the world
Differentiation and Unification (Bridge)
The historical prerequisite for the differentiation of the material world into human society and nature
It is the realistic basis for the unification of nature and human society.
basic structure
Subject (autonomy, initiative)
People who have thinking ability and engage in real social practice activities
ability
Natural ability (labor ability)
mental abilities
intellectual factors
Non-intellectual factors (willpower)
object
objects to which practical activities are directed
intermediary system
Material tool system (extension of human limbs, extension of senses, amplification of physical energy)
Language symbol tool system (human brain extension, intelligence amplification)
The human ear is not an intermediary system
Under the setting of a certain practice purpose, the practice subject operates the practice intermediary to transform the practice object.
Basic Features
Direct reality (action-put into actual actions)
Conscious agency (conscious guidance, agency)
Social history (predecessors or the basis of past practice)
basic type
Material production practice (labor)—the most basic human practical activity
sociopolitical practice
Practical activities that form various social relationships
Scientific and cultural practice
Practical activities to create spiritual and cultural products
virtual practice
A new form of practice that has begun to emerge in contemporary society due to the development of modern information technology
The decisive role of practice in the process of understanding (P29 sticky note)
Practice is the source of knowledge
Direct experience (all true knowledge originates from direct experience)
Indirect experience (in the final analysis, it also comes from the practice of predecessors or others)
Practice is the driving force for cognitive development
The development of practice constantly raises new topics of understanding and promotes the development of understanding.
Practice provides necessary conditions and means for the development of understanding
Practice transforms people's subjective world and exercises and improves the subject's cognitive ability
Practice is the purpose of understanding
Practice is the only criterion for testing truth
the nature of knowledge
The subject's active reflection on the object based on practice
active reflection theory
Imitation (reflectivity)
Creativity (active creative process)
Reflective properties are inseparable from active properties
Idealism Transcendentalism
Understanding has a guiding role in practice
Understanding and practice
Consciousness determines matter
Knowledge comes before matter, before practical experience
Know the route
Thoughts and feelings - things
materialist reflection theory
Understanding and practice
Cognition is the reflection of objective things
There must be objective things first before we can understand them
Know the route
Objects - Thoughts and Feelings
dialectical materialist epistemology
Active reflection theory/dialectics (connection/development)
Understanding matter is a process (it requires constant practice and constant contact with other things)
metaphysical materialism epistemology
Intuitive reflection theory/one-time reflection theory/what you see is what you get
Detached from dialectics and practice
Intuitive, passive, passive reflection
process of understanding
Perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge
perceptual knowledge
meaning
Phenomena about things directly felt by sense organs, Understanding of external connections of things and various aspects of things
form
feeling, perception, representation
Features
directness
limitation
The understanding is not profound and only reflects the appearance of things and one-sided, external connections.
rational understanding
meaning
With the help of abstract thinking and on the basis of summarizing and sorting out a large amount of perceptual materials, people gain understanding of the essence, comprehensive and internal connections of things, and understanding of the regularity of things.
form
Concepts, inferences and reasoning
Features
abstraction, indirectness
limitation
Understanding is divorced from reality
Contact (unity of opposites)
Distinguish from each other
Rational knowledge and perceptual knowledge have different meanings, forms, characteristics and limitations.
interdependence
Rational knowledge depends on perceptual knowledge
Perceptual knowledge needs to be developed and deepened into rational knowledge
interpenetrate and include each other
Permeability is permeated with rational factors, and rationality is permeated with perceptual factors.
Separate the dialectical unity between the two
Rationalism (dogmatism)
Deny perceptual knowledge and one-sidedly exaggerate the role of rational knowledge
empiricism (empiricism)
Denying rational knowledge and one-sidedly exaggerating the role of perceptual knowledge
Rational factors and irrational factors
rational factors
meaning
Human rational intuition, rational thinking and other abilities
effect
Guidance, explanation, foresight
irrational factors
meaning
human emotions, will
Function (Oli gives)
It has the function of activating, driving and controlling people's cognitive ability and cognitive activities.
practical and cognitive Dialectical movement and its laws
Laws of understanding
The Dialectical Process of Understanding P31 Post-It Notes
The first leap (Practice (perceptual knowledge)-cognition (rational knowledge))
The second leap (cognition (rational knowledge)-practice (testing truth))
Practice→Understand (perceptual knowledge→rational knowledge)→Practice again→Understand again
total process
Understanding is a process of continuous iteration and infinite development ("Practice-Understanding-Re-Practice-Re-Understanding...")
Finally realize the unity of knowledge and practice, subjective and objective concrete history
Features
Repeatability, infinity