MindMap Gallery 1.6 Students and teachers
This is a mind map about 1.6 students and teachers. It organizes the main content and logical structure of the chapter. It is helpful for the understanding and memory of knowledge points and is suitable for exam review!
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1.6 Students and teachers
student
Characteristics of students
Students are the objects (objects) of education
From the perspective of students' own characteristics, they are plasticity, dependence and teacher-oriented.
Students are organizers, educators and leaders
Students are the main body of self-education and development (subject)
Basis: Students have subjective initiative
Performance
Consciousness (initiative) - the most basic expression of students' subjective initiative
Independence, also known as autonomy
Creativity - the highest expression of students' subjective initiative
Students are developing people
student's social status
The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted on November 20, 1989, in order to safeguard the social rights of adolescents and children.
The basic principle
non-discrimination principle
Respect the dignity of children
Respect children’s views and opinions
best interests of the child
Primary and secondary school students are minor citizens who receive education in various types of secondary or elementary schools or educational institutions at all levels recognized by national law.
Student Rights and Responsibilities
right
Personal rights
Status: Personal rights are the most basic, important and richest among civil rights.
Include
Personal rights
right to physical and mental health
right to personal liberty
No random searches ("bag searches"...)
right to personal dignity
No verbal abuse, disguised corporal punishment, or other behavior that insults students’ personal dignity shall be allowed.
Disguised corporal punishment
form
Penalty copying
fine
Penalty
Expulsion from the classroom will not be processed
Insult students
Knock the pointer
Labor punishment, excessive copying of homework, writing on the face, sarcasm, verbal abuse, and exposure to the hot sun
Privacy
Right of reputation and right of honor
right to education
Students’ main rights
obligation
Comply with laws and regulations
Comply with the management system of your school or other educational institution
Observe the student code of conduct, respect teachers, and develop good ideological, moral, and behavioral habits
Study hard and complete the prescribed learning tasks
Characteristics of contemporary students
teacher
The emergence and development of the teaching profession
The non-specialized stage of the teaching profession
Primitive society: Elders are teachers, and those who are capable are teachers
slave society
With teachers who specialize in educational activities, "officials are teachers and monks are teachers"; teaching is a job that is done by both officials and monks in society.
Teachers and scholars giving lectures in private schools or colleges do not have the professional skills to teach.
The specialization stage of the teaching profession
Two reasons
The result of social development promotion
The birth of independent teacher education
The world's earliest independent teacher education institution was born in France
In 1681, French Catholic priest Lassalle founded the first teacher training school
The diversified stage of teacher professional professional training model
Independent normal colleges
A comprehensive university that focuses on cultivating teachers
Faculty of education or teacher training college of a comprehensive university
The role of the teaching profession
nature of occupation
Responsibilities: Professionals who perform education and teaching duties and undertake the mission of teaching and educating people, cultivating builders and successors of the socialist cause, and improving national quality.
The "Teachers Law of the People's Republic of China" legally confirms the professional nature of teachers' social status for the first time.
The biggest feature of the teaching profession is the diversity of professional roles
Common professional roles of teachers
learning guide
model of behavioral norms
mental health provider
Leader of class group activities
Educational researchers
teacher role conflict
Diffusion or ambiguity of role responsibilities
Conflict in teacher role stereotypes—conflicts arising from different groups’ different expectations of teachers’ roles
Conflicts arising from the character of the school institution—conflicts arising from the opposition between teachers’ employment status and their autonomy
Conflicts caused by role responsibilities in teaching and personal career direction
Conflicts caused by different values
Conflict caused by the character's marginal status
Teacher’s role view under the new curriculum concept
Teachers are facilitators of student learning
Teachers are researchers of education and teaching
Teachers are curriculum developers and researchers
Teachers are community-based open teachers
Teachers are practitioners of lifelong learning
Teacher’s Labor Characteristics
The complexity and creativity of teachers’ labor
Complexity
Objects keep changing
Diverse work tasks
The education process is complex
A wide range of factors affect student development
creativity
Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Continuous updates in teaching methods
Teachers need educational resourcefulness
Educational resourcefulness is an external manifestation of a teacher's good overall quality and accomplishment, and is a teacher's ability to skillfully use comprehensive educational methods. The educational mechanism can be summarized in four words: making the best use of the situation, adapting to circumstances, grasping the appropriate measures, and prescribing the right medicine.
"There are methods for teaching, but there is no fixed method."
The continuity and extension of teachers’ labor
continuity
continuity of time
extension
extension of space
The long-term and indirect nature of teachers’ labor
long term
"It takes ten years to grow trees and a hundred years to cultivate people"
indirectness
The "implicitness" of labor results
Demonstration and subjectivity of teachers’ labor
Demonstration: "If you don't say anything about peaches and plums, you will make your own mistakes."
The individuality of teachers’ working methods and the collective nature of labor results
Teachers’ professional quality
Moral Cultivation
Ideological literacy
Scientific worldview; positive outlook on life; lofty professional ideals
political literacy
Professional ethics
Meaning: It is the basic requirement of a certain social class for teachers’ professional behavior, and it is the moral code and code of conduct that teachers must follow in their professional activities.
Teacher professional ethics include
Love and dedication to work
Essential requirements
Patriotic and law-abiding
basic requirements
Caring for students
Teacher's moral soul
Teaching and educating people
Teacher's vocation
Serving as a role model
Being a teacher requires a teacher’s professional attitude
Being a teacher is a significant sign of the difference between teachers' professional ethics and other professional ethics.
intrinsic requirements
life-long learning
Inexhaustible motivation
against three tendencies
Theory of family separation
spontaneity
substitution theory
Handle three pairs of conflicts well
The contradiction between teaching and educating people
The contradiction between caring for students and strict requirements
The contradiction between words and deeds
Knowledge literacy
Teachers need subject professional knowledge and literacy
ontological knowledge
Teachers need to have educational professional knowledge and literacy
conditional knowledge
Establish correct educational concepts
Have an outlook on education and students that is in line with the characteristics of the times
Have a concept of education quality that is in line with the characteristics of the times
What evaluates the quality of education and teaching is the development of students’ overall quality.
Master the corresponding educational subject theory
Teachers have cultural literacy
general knowledge
Teachers need to have practical knowledge
Competence and literacy
Basic abilities and literacy
Intelligent literacy (observation, thinking, imagination, memory ability literacy)
Language expression literacy
Professional ability and literacy
Teaching ability and quality
Educational ability and literacy
Educational and scientific research capabilities
psychological literacy
cognitive literacy
emotional literacy
Will quality
physical fitness
Teachers’ professional qualities
Teachers' subject literacy is the basic requirement for teachers to be competent in teaching work
Teachers’ educational professionalism directly affects the quality of education and teaching work
include
Teachers’ subject professionalism
Teachers’ educational professionalism
Have advanced educational concepts
Have good educational ability
Have certain research capabilities
teacher professional development
Teacher professionalism
professional awareness
Six karma consciousness
professional attitude
Be strict with yourself and be a role model for others
Four-character motto
expertise
professional skill
professional quality
The concept of teacher professional development
Teacher professional development refers to the process of gradually developing from a professional novice to an expert teacher or educator teacher.
Stages of teacher professional development
Domestic scholar Ye Lan divides it from the perspective of "self-renewal" orientation
"Not concerned" stage
Good character is an important life foundation for teachers’ growth
"Virtual attention" stage
The indifference of self-development awareness among normal college students is the most common problem at this stage.
"Survival Concern" Stage
Minimum requirements in the professional development structure – “survival skills” for professional activities
"Task Focus" Phase
Pay attention to teaching
"Self-update attention" stage
Pay attention to whether students are actually learning
An important change in the outlook on students is the realization that students are the masters of learning
The focus of the development of teachers' knowledge structure has shifted to the application of subject teaching method knowledge, and professional subject knowledge is no longer the focus.
Fuller and Brown divided teachers according to their focus
Pay attention to the survival stage
Do students like me? What do my colleagues think of me? Does the leader think I am doing a good job?
focus on situational stage
The focus is on how to teach the content of each class well
Pay attention to the student stage
Paths to teacher professional development
teacher education
Onboarding education and coaching
on the job training
Mainly adopts a three-way combination of "theoretical learning, trial practice, and reflection and inquiry"
Posner proposed a teacher growth formula: experience reflection = growth
Brubachi proposed four methods of reflection in 1994
reflective diary
A detailed description
Exchange and discussion
action research
self education
Teachers' self-education is professional self-construction, which is the most direct and common way for individual teachers to develop professionally.
Teacher self-education is the key to determining professional ideals, accumulating professional emotions, improving professional skills, and forming professional styles.
life-long learning
Lifelong learning is the inexhaustible driving force for teachers’ professional development
The realization of teacher professionalization
National and government guarantees
Teacher’s personal subjective efforts
The four stages of the growth process of key teachers
preparation period, adaptation period, development period, creation period
Teacher-student relationship
concept
The teacher-student relationship refers to the mutual relationship between students and teachers in education and teaching activities, including each other's status, role and attitude towards each other. The teacher-student relationship is the most basic interpersonal relationship in school.
student-teacher relationship
The composition of the teacher-student relationship
Give and receive in teaching
Personal equality
Social and moral mutual promotion
Types of teacher-student relationships
Educational relationship (i.e. working relationship)
The educational relationship is the most basic form of teacher-student relationship and the core of teacher-student relationship.
Educational relationships have formative characteristics
psychological relationship
It has the characteristics of diffuseness and situational nature.
Ethical relations (social relations)
Ethical relationships are at the highest level in the teacher-student relationship system
Social relationship is a background relationship
Social relations are characterized by normativeness and stability
model of teacher-student relationship
Typical teacher-student relationship model
laissez-faire
Characterized by disorder, randomness, and indulgence in mentality and behavior
autocratic
Command, authority, and alienation are mentality and behavioral characteristics
democratic
Taking openness, equality and mutual help as mentality and behavioral characteristics
cold type
Just teach but not learn
White and Lippett’s research on the impact of teacher-student relationship model on students P71
Tough and arbitrary
feature
1. Strictly monitor students in real time
2. Accept all orders unconditionally upon request and abide by strict discipline.
3. Thinking that praise may spoil children, so they rarely give praise
4. Believe that without teacher supervision, it is impossible for students to learn consciously
Typical reactions from students
1. Surrender, but hate and dislike this kind of leadership from the beginning
2. It is common to shirk responsibility
3. Easily angered, unwilling to cooperate, and may hurt others behind their backs
4. As soon as the teacher leaves the classroom, learning becomes obviously slack.
benevolent and arbitrary
feature
1. Don’t think of yourself as an arbitrary person
2. Praise students and care about them
3. The key to being arbitrary is self-confidence. The mantra is "I like to do this" or "Can you do this for me?"
4. Use yourself as the standard for all work in the class
Typical reactions from students
1. Most students like this kind of leader, but students who see through this method may hate him.
2. Relying on teachers in all aspects and not having much creativity in students
3. Submission and lack of personal development
4. The quantity of class work may be large, but the quality may be good.
Laissez-faire
democratic
Characteristics of teacher-student relationship
bidirectionality
Effectivity
Dynamic
asymmetry
Characteristics of teacher-student relationship in primary school
Students have higher recognition and emotional attachment to teachers
The teacher-student relationship is relatively stable
The teacher-student relationship is relatively simple
The teacher-student relationship has a great impact on students
The views of teachers and students in the context of new curriculum reform
Respect teachers and love students
democratic equality
Teaching and learning
"Learn and then realize your shortcomings; teach and then realize your difficulties."
psychological compatibility
An interpersonal relationship with close teacher-student relationships, harmonious feelings, and equal cooperation
Building a good teacher-student relationship
Establish a new concept of teachers and students
This is the premise and foundation for establishing a new teacher-student relationship
Establish teachers' prestige
Including prestige and credibility
Pay attention to three aspects
Must have good personality charm and noble moral cultivation
Strict requirements for students
Have profound knowledge and superb teaching skills
Good at interacting with students
Generally, it needs to go through four steps: "contact, closeness, resonance, and trust"
Carry forward educational democracy and listen to students’ opinions