(1) According to the morphology of macroconidia: Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton; the most common ones in my country are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton gypsum and Microsporum woolly

(2) According to biological characteristics

(1) Hobby for keratin: Involves the stratum corneum, hair and nail plate of the skin; the primary skin damage is superficial and the inflammation is mild

(2) Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for growth: diabetes, long-term use of glucocorticoids, and areas with thick cuticles are susceptible to infection

(3) The optimal growth temperature is 25~28°C: it infects the surface of the body and generally does not invade deep tissues; it is prone to disease in summer and autumn

(4) Moderate humidity is required for growth and reproduction: humid, sweaty, airtight areas are susceptible to infection; ringworm is common in the south; dry environments are not conducive to growth

(5) Resistant to low temperature but not high temperature: it can be sterilized by boiling and can be stored at low temperature; skin lesions do not heal through winter, but long-term fever and bed rest can heal themselves

(6) Growth is not affected by sunlight: ultraviolet rays cannot kill

(7) The top of the hyphae grows, and the colonies grow equidistantly from the center to the surroundings: the skin lesions are ring-shaped or multi-ring-shaped, with papules and blisters on the edges, and the edges are active

(8) Colony culture grows quickly: skin lesions can appear 1 week after skin inoculation, and clinical efficacy observation generally only takes 4 weeks.

(9) Humanity, animality, and soil compatibility: different sources of infection have different clinical manifestations; the sources of infection are widespread, the incidence rate is high, and it is easy to be infected repeatedly

1. Definition: Dermatophyte infection on smooth skin except the palms and soles is called tinea corporis. Tinea corporis in the external genital area of ​​the groin and perianal area is also called tinea cruris.

2.Clinical manifestations

3. Diagnosis: Mycological examination can confirm the diagnosis

4. Treatment: ① Mainly use topical drugs, generalized tinea corporis can be treated with oral antifungal drugs at the same time; ② Maintain good personal hygiene

1. Definition: Dermatophyte infection of the skin between the fingers (toes) and the skin of the palms and soles

2.Clinical manifestations (typing): often transform into each other

3. Treatment: ① Treatment by type: compound benzoic acid liniment and antifungal cream can be used for the scaly blister type; antifungal cream can be used for the immersion and erosion type, and bacterial infection must be controlled first; compound benzoic acid liniment and antifungal cream can be used for the hyperkeratosis type. Formic acid ointment or miconazole cream, urea grease can be added for those with chapped skin; ② Oral antifungal drugs can be used in severe cases

1. Definition: Dermatophyte infection involving the scalp and hair

2. Clinical manifestations (types): divided into white tinea (the most common), black tinea, yellow tinea, and purulent tinea

Mother and child spots

yellow scab

Kerion: local allergic reaction on the scalp caused by dermatophyte infection; manifested as one/several abscesses with obvious inflammation, neat edges, and a sense of fluctuation; they can merge into plaques with clear, sharp edges as neat as a knife cut ; The hair in the skin lesions is loose and easy to break; the onset is rapid, fever, poisoning symptoms, and lymph node enlargement may occur, and scars and permanent hair loss may be left after recovery.

3. Treatment: ① Antifungal drugs: oral and topical; ② Shaving and shampooing; ③ Avoid contact with asymptomatic carriers, cats and dogs, and pay attention to disinfection; ④ Do not incision and drainage of pus ringworm (to avoid the formation of larger permanent scars) )

1. Definition: Fungal infection of the nail plate and nail bed; among them, dermatophyte infection is also called tinea unguium.

2.Clinical manifestations (typing)

3. Diagnosis: The diagnosis relies on mycological examination; the following symptoms are helpful for diagnosis: ① It is often accompanied by dermatophytosis in other parts of the body; ② For tinea manuum that can be diagnosed, the associated onychomycosis is mostly onychomycosis; ③ If there are multiple onychomycoses The nail plate is involved and the process is gradual and slow. The severity of the nail disease varies. It is often considered to be onychomycosis.

4. Treatment: ① Locally encapsulate the diseased nail with 40% urea lipid for 1 week, scrape it off with a knife after softening, and then apply 3% miconazole tincture externally until the new nail completely grows; ② Treat other ringworms; ③ Oral antifungal drugs

Oral thrush: more common in infants and young children; manifested by the appearance of white pseudomembranes on the oral mucosa, pharynx, tongue, gums, etc., with clear edges and peripheral redness; a red base can be seen when the pseudomembrane is removed

Candida vulvovaginitis: Vaginal mucosa presents as thrush-like white pseudomembrane; increased leucorrhea mixed with cheese-like/bean dregs-like particles; often accompanied by vulvar redness, swelling, and severe itching

Candidal balanitis: manifests as mildly flushed patches with a dry, smooth surface; it may also manifest as superficial erosion and thin-walled pustules; in severe cases, there may be thrush-like pseudomembranes, which may even spread to the entire body. Perineum; anterior urethral inflammation may occur when urethra is involved

Candidal interdigital erosion: more common between the 3rd and 4th fingers, often related to obesity and occupation

Candida intertrigo (candida intertrigo): more common in children and obese people, manifesting as skin flushing, erosion, exudation, and scabs in fold areas (such as in front of the neck, perianal area, groin, under the breasts, and armpits). There may be scattered red papules with scaling

Papular cutaneous candidiasis: more common in obese children; manifests as mung bean-sized hemispherical dark red papules with clear edges and gray-white round thin scales, distributed on the chest, back and perineum, not fused, and itchy; can be associated with red papules. Prickly heat concurrently

Candida paronychia: Symptoms include redness, swelling and slight pain in the nail groove, but no suppuration; the nail plate is turbid, with white spots, and the surface has transverse ridges and grooves, and is uneven but still shiny and not broken.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC)

Candidal granuloma/deep cutaneous candidiasis: more common in immunocompromised individuals

Manifested as gastrointestinal candidiasis, bronchopulmonary candidiasis, urinary tract candidiasis, candidal endocarditis, candidal meningitis, etc.; mainly seen in diabetes, malignant tumors, various chronic wasting diseases, and AIDS Many of these patients have long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, glucocorticoids, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, major surgery, etc.

Multiple systems in the body are involved at the same time, including candida septicemia; direct microscopy and culture of multiple specimens are positive at the same time and are of the same bacterial species; the prognosis is grim

It commonly occurs on the limbs and face; it can be divided into fixed type (the lesions are only seen at the initial sore site, and typically appear as nodules, chancre-like), and lymphatic type (the lesions are mainly nodules arranged along the lymphatic vessels, and there may be nodules. scabs and ulcers; lymphatic vessels between skin lesions often become hardened and cord-like, but local lymph nodes are generally not swollen), disseminated type

Invasion of various tissues throughout the body; clinical manifestations are non-specific