Microvasculature, neural components, reticular cells, matrix and other connective tissues

Positive regulatory factors that stimulate the proliferation of various progenitor cells, such as erythropoietin (EPO), colony-stimulating factor (CSF), and interleukin 3 (IL-3).

Negative regulatory factors of various systems, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), etc.

Urinary occult blood (intravascular hemolysis); acid hemolysis test, sucrose hemolysis test (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria); osmotic fragility test (hereditary spherocytosis); methemoglobin reduction test (red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate detoxification Hydrogenase deficiency); antiglobulin test (autoimmune hemolytic anemia)

Determination of red blood cell lifespan or red blood cell destruction site, bone marrow imaging, lymphoma imaging, etc.

Lymph node biopsy is meaningful for the diagnosis of lymphoma and its differentiation from lymphadenitis and metastatic cancer.

Splenic biopsy is mainly used in diseases with significantly enlarged spleen;

Cytological examination of body fluids includes the examination of tumor cells (or leukemia cells) in pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion and cerebrospinal fluid, which is valuable for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

In case of megaloblastic anemia, supplement folic acid and/or vitamin B₁₂ (Vit B₁₂)

Application of androgens to stimulate hematopoiesis in chronic aplastic anemia

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is used to stimulate the release of neutrophils during granulocytopenia.

Such as administration of interferon or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) can accelerate the apoptosis of abnormal promyelocytes or differentiate them into normal mature granulocytes by inducing differentiation.

Treating MPNs, leukemia, etc.

Glucocorticoids, cyclosporine and antilymphoid/thymocyte globulin, etc.