MindMap Gallery Introduction to Nursing Chapter 2 Health and Disease
Introduction to Nursing: Health is a common goal pursued by human beings. It is an important factor for personal achievement, family happiness, social stability, and national security. The foundation and symbol of prosperity.
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The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
This Valentine's Day map illustrates love through 30 romantic possibilities, from the vintage charm of "handwritten love letters" to the urban landscape of "rooftop sunsets," from the tactile experience of a "pottery workshop" to the leisurely moments of "wine tasting at a vineyard"—offering a unique sense of occasion for every couple. Whether it's cozy, experiential, or luxurious, love always finds the most fitting expression. May you all find the perfect atmosphere for your love story.
The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
Chapter 2 Health and Disease
healthy
Health Overview
ancient health concept
Modern concept of health
Health is the absence of disease
Health is when people feel comfortable physically
Health is the normal functional activities of the human body
Health is the normal physiological and psychological activities of the human body
Health is a comprehensive concept
Health is a basic human right
The concept of “big health”
factors affecting health
biological factors
psychological factors
Environmental factors (natural environment, social environment)
behavior and lifestyle
health service system
measures of health
Health Measurement Types
Divided according to measurement objects
individual indicators
group indicators
Divided according to measurement content
Physiological indicators
Psychological indicators
sociological indicators
Divided according to indicator attributes
objective indicators
Subjective indicators
Quality of Life
concept
Measurement content (physical function, mental state, independent ability, social relationships, living environment, religious beliefs and spiritual sustenance)
Commonly used scales (general scales, special scales)
Health-promoting nursing activities
health related behaviors
Health-promoting activities (daily health behaviors, health care behaviors, avoiding harmful environmental behaviors, quitting bad habits, early warning behaviors, medical seeking behaviors, and medical compliance behaviors)
Behaviors that endanger health (bad lifestyles, disease-causing behavior patterns, unhealthy disease behaviors, violations)
Health-promoting nursing activities
healthy people
patient
disease
Disease overview
ancient view of disease
Disease is possessed by ghosts and gods
Disease is an imbalance of the body
Modern view of disease
Disease is discomfort, pain and pain. Disease and discomfort, pain and pain
Disease is a state in which social behavior, especially working ability, is lost or changed
Disease is an abnormality in the function, structure and form of the body
Disease is a disorder of homeostasis
modern view of disease
Disease is an overall reaction process that occurs in a certain part and at a certain level of the human body. It is a special sign in life phenomena that is opposite to health.
Disease is a deviation or destruction of the body's normal activities, an abnormality in function, metabolism, and morphological structure, as well as the resulting coordination obstacles between various internal systems of the body and between the body and the external environment.
Disease is not only a pathological process in the body, but also a disorder of adaptation to the internal and external environment. It is an objective process in which internal and external factors act on the human body and cause damage.
Diseases are not only physical diseases, but also include mental and psychological diseases.
Disease is a change in the function, metabolism and morphological structure of a certain part of the body caused by certain internal and external factors. It is manifested as a pathological process of damage and resistance to damage. It is a disorder of life activities caused by the disorder of homeostasis.
The relationship between health and disease
Health and disease are a dynamic process
Health and disease can be transformed under certain conditions
Health and disease can coexist in the same individual
Sick behavior and psychology
Behavioral reactions of patients after illness
Failure to seek medical treatment or delay in seeking medical treatment
Ask for help
undecided
confrontational behavior
Patients’ psychological reactions after illness
anxiety and fear
Increased suspicion
Increased dependence
Increased self-esteem
Subjective abnormality
unstable emotion
habitual psychology
shyness and guilt
Psychogenic shock and abnormal behavior
Factors affecting patients’ medical seeking behavior
disease factors
patient characteristics
social support
medical condition
patient role
patient role concept
Patient persona characteristics
Exempt or reduce the responsibilities and obligations of normal social roles
The patient is not responsible for his or her descent into the diseased state
The patient has an obligation to recover
Patients have the obligation to cooperate with medical treatment and nursing care
Common Patient Role Maladjustments
role behavior conflict
Role behavior reinforcement
Lack of role behavior
Decline in role behavior
Character behaves abnormally
The role of nurses in helping patients adapt to their roles
General guidance
Guidance at any time
emotional guidance
Impact of disease on patients and society
The impact of disease on an individual
Physiological changes
psychological changes
Self-concept changes Lifestyle changes
lifestyle changes
The impact of illness on families
Changing family roles
Changes in family functioning
Family Health Behavior Changes
Impact of disease on society
Reduce social productivity
Consumption of limited social medical resources
May cause wider spread
Disease prevention nursing activities
Primary prevention, also known as prevention of causes, the four cornerstones of health proposed by the WHO "reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance" are the basic principles of primary prevention.
Secondary prevention, also known as preclinical prevention, refers to early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment in the preclinical stage of the disease, also known as "three early" prevention.
Tertiary prevention, also known as clinical prevention, mainly includes symptomatic treatment, prevention of disability and active rehabilitation
Global health policy and health care system
Strategic Goals for Global Health Care
The background to the proposal of health care for all
What health care for all means
Deepening and developing health care for all
primary health care
The significance and principles of primary health care (five basic principles: ① rational layout, taking into account the accessibility and coverage of needs; ② community participation, the community actively participates in decision-making about local health care; ③ prevention first, emphasizing disease Comprehensive health care of prevention and health promotion focuses on seeking and eliminating various pathogenic factors; ④ Appropriate technology, appropriate technology and cost-effectiveness need to be considered for available resources; ⑤ Comprehensive approach, strengthening cooperation between departments).
The tasks of primary health care can be divided into four aspects and nine elements [(1) Four aspects: including health promotion, preventive care, basic medical care and community rehabilitation (2) Nine elements: ① Respond to current major health problems and their Health education on prevention and control methods; ② improve food supply and reasonable nutrition; ③ supply safe and hygienic drinking water and basic environmental sanitation facilities: ④ maternal and child health and family planning: ⑤ vaccination of major infectious diseases; ⑥ prevention and control of endemic diseases; ⑦ Rational treatment of common diseases and injuries; ⑧ Provision of essential medicines; ⑨ The 34th World Health Assembly in 1981 added Article 9: “Use all possible means to prevent and control disease and disease by affecting lifestyles and controlling the natural and psychosocial environment. Controlling chronic non-communicable diseases and promoting mental health”. 】
Primary health care in the 21st century
China’s strategic goals for health care
The meaning of “everyone has access to basic medical and health services”
The development of “basic medical and health services for everyone”
China’s medical and health policies and development strategies
(1) The significance of the “Healthy China 2030” planning outline.
(2) Strategic objectives of the “Healthy China 2030” planning outline
(3) Core contents of the “Healthy China 2030” planning outline
1. Basic principles; 2. Key contents; 3. Strategic tasks.
China’s health care service system
health service system
Hospital
Primary medical and health institutions
Professional public health agency
health security system
social medical insurance
Commercial medical insurance
Health supervision and law enforcement system
"Everyone has access to basic medical and health services" is a major strategic goal of my country's health work.
The strategic goal is “health care for all”.
Health is a common goal pursued by mankind and is the foundation and symbol of personal achievement, family happiness, social stability, and national prosperity.