Appears early, is mild, and must have symptoms

Hematuria, sometimes gross hematuria

Sustained moderate increase in blood pressure (obvious diastolic blood pressure), thinning and tortuosity of the retinal arteries and arteriovenous cross-compression, and a small number of flocculent exudates or hemorrhages.

Eye and face edema and/or pitting edema of lower limbs

Urinary protein ++～+++, quantitative urine protein 1～3g/d; polymorphic red blood cells in urine ++～++, and granular casts, etc.

In the early stage, there is usually normal or mild anemia, and in the late stage, red blood cells and hemoglobin decrease significantly.

After GFR decreases, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood creatinine (Cr) increase. Some patients have elevated blood lipids and reduced plasma albumin

In the late stage, the kidneys shrink and the cortex becomes thinner

Blood pressure is controlled below 130/80mmhg, and urine protein is reduced to 1g/d

antihypertensive drugs

Antiplatelet depolymerization drugs

Suppress immune and inflammatory responses

1. massive proteinuria

2. hypoalbuminemia

3. Edema

4. Hyperlipidemia

On days of egg urination+++～+++++urinary protein quantification＞3.5g/d there are red blood cells, casts, etc. in the urine

Plasma albumin <30g/L. Blood cholesterol, triglycerides, low and very low-density lipoproteins increase. Blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine increase in renal failure.

When the urine output reaches the normal standard, drink water normally and choose high-quality protein 0.6~0.8g/(kg/d). If the kidney function is severely damaged, accompanied by high blood pressure and uremia tendency, limit salt to 3~4g/d and protein to 0.3 ~0.4g/d

Normal amount of high-quality protein. When renal insufficiency occurs, protein intake should be adjusted according to creatinine clearance to provide sufficient calories. When edema occurs, a low-salt (<3g/d) diet should be avoided. Do not eat pickled foods.

1. Diuresis and swelling combined with thiazides and potassium-sparing diuretics

2. Reduce urinary protein

3. Lipid-lowering therapy

4. Suppress immune and inflammatory responses

5. Prevent and treat complications