Chapter 1 The Scientific Nature of Translation
Is translation an art or a science?
The reasons why it is difficult to define: ① The coverage of translation is too broad; ② The analysis of the attributes of translation is too simple and one-sided, and it is all-or-nothing or partial; ③ People's understanding of translation is constantly deepening.
Translation is both scientific and artistic.
The scientific nature of translation
Translation studies is an empirical science based on cognitive science
Demonstrability of translation: ① The original language has semantic connotations that are not subject to human subjective conjecture; ② Translation operations rely on abstract thinking (scientific thinking); ③ Translation studies are subject to the test of practice.
Scientific basis: bilingual reference is basically the same
The complexity of meaning and the scientific nature of meaning transformation
The essence of translation is: the corresponding conversion of meanings between bilingual languages
multidimensionality of meaning
Ontology structural layer: conceptual meaning - ambiguity → extended meaning, image meaning - vividness, associative meaning - wandering, implicit meaning (transfer)
Social structure layer: contextual meaning, situational meaning, cultural meaning (extension)
Functional structure layer: formal meaning, communication meaning, stylistic meaning (additional)
The expression of functional regulation meaning
Specificity when meaning is expressed in form:
Flexibility: adapt your words to the situation
Intentionality: Intention changes with the context, and the form is determined at will.
The scientific attitude of translation studies towards meaning and form
The scientific nature of translation thinking
Thinking form: intuitive action thinking, image thinking, abstract thinking
Translation analysis must emphasize concepts, judgment and reasoning
Language expression must be flexible and thoughtful
Translation theory must stand the test of practice
Chapter 2 The Artistry of Translation
General Characteristics of Language Arts
Art optimization language is higher than general statement language
Artistic language is a multi-level structure: artistic pronunciation, artistic vocabulary, artistic syntax, and artistic expression.
Language Arts is an Open System
The infinity, diversity and fashion of language arts
General Characteristics of the Art of Translation
The relationship between translation art and language art
The two are like "hair" to "skin"
The artistry of language cannot cover the artistry of translation. Translation is not an ordinary use of language and always involves two or more languages.
Generally speaking, the degree of freedom or "field of choice" in language arts is greater than the interlingual transformation operation.
Universality: The entire process of translation involves the task of artistic selection and processing as well as "artisticization".
Dependency: The translator cannot do his own thing independently of the various artistic elements of the original language.
Formal restrictions, semantic restrictions, grammatical restrictions, style restrictions, cultural restrictions
Originality: Once a translator has mastered the flexible rules of the art of translation, he can move freely in small spaces.
The artistic means of translation: dynamic imitation; compensatory adaptation.
Chapter 3 The Aesthetic Origins of Translation Studies
The origin of traditional Chinese translation theory
① The meaning of the scriptures is profound; ② There is a huge difference between the original language and the target language; ③ The purpose of translating scriptures is to spread the scriptures and has specific functional requirements; ④ Translation is a pioneering work and has no precedent;
An overview of the development of Western translation theory
Classical Translation Theory Period
"Rhetoric" emphasizes the appeal of language, and beautiful language style will be infectious. "Poetics"
Ancient translation theory period
(Renaissance, Reformation)
Ancient Linguistics and Interpretation School during the Enlightenment
Bacon (the translation is full of semantic distortions),
Modern translation theory period
modern translation theory period
Characteristics of the Development of Western Translation Theory
Translation topics are wide and diverse, and translation theories are rich
Early shift from aesthetics to linguistics
The kinship relationship of Western languages - it is easier to achieve homologous equivalence in word morphology and syntactic morphology.
Not paying attention to language aesthetics
Pay attention to the essence, production and expression of beauty
The special significance of aesthetics to traditional Chinese translation theory
The theory of unified harmony between text and quality is the mainstream of traditional Chinese translation theory
Text and quality are proportionate and harmonious
Beauty and faith refer to the perceptual form of literary and artistic works
Credibility and quality are the essence of the content
“Xin Daya”
Letter: Dao'an "passed it from the case", Kumarajiva "understood and marked it"
God and form, spirit and form alike
1. Ambiguity and subjective understanding
2. Pay attention to expression and artistic sensibility
Chapter 4 The Aesthetic Object of Translation
Attributes
Dependent on the aesthetic composition of SL
Corresponds to the aesthetic effect of SL
Allow flexibility of aesthetic subject perception
Allow historical development to produce variability in its aesthetic value: the art of translation is subject to literary style and fashion
The aesthetic value of aesthetic objects is hierarchical
Aesthetic composition
External form (natural sensibility), inner form (emotional sensibility), ideal form (symbolic sensibility)
informal system
Imagery and artistic conception
Chapter 5 The Aesthetic Subject of Translation
Basic properties
subject to aesthetic object
The limits of translatability of the formal beauty of the original language
cultural differences in bilingualism
Time and Space Difference in Art Appreciation
Translator's subjective initiative
Love, knowledge, talent, ambition
Translator quality
Sensitivity and ability to discern the beauty of language
A persistent inquiry into the causes and conditions that create the beauty of language
The tireless pursuit of beautiful expressions of language
Chapter Six: The Linguistic Aesthetic Value Theory of Translation
A multi-dimensional view of the value scale of language beauty
Highly pleasing audiovisual sensibility
Appropriate structure and form
Clear and precise meaning
Deep and touching emotional implications
Vivid and vivid imagery
Distinctive and unique cultural characteristics
The particularity of translation language aesthetics
1.Aesthetic compensation
2. Functional compensation: differences in aesthetic psychology, emotion, and values
3. Linguistic beauty has different diachronic and synchronic characteristics
Chapter 7 Translation Aesthetic Consciousness System
The operation process of aesthetic psychological structure
Cognitive Schema of Aesthetics
Perceptual layer, characterized by intuition
Imaginative layer, characterized by empathy
1. Accurate expression of what is meant
2. Meaning correction and gestalt
3. Grasp the image, artistic conception and imagery of literary and artistic works
understanding, characterized by realization
Reappearance, characterized by functional correspondence
Chapter 9 Levels of Translation Art Creation
basic level
Non-artistic SL
Aesthetic principles
Express one's intention
Agreement
Accuracy
Appropriateness
Accurate and well-written
Comprehensive level
Artistic SL
teaser
Best results in line with TL aesthetic sensing
Preference
Perfection
Choose the best and achieve perfection
Aesthetic schema of literary translation: perception, appreciation, understanding and translation
Chapter 10 Translation Aesthetic Ideals and Representation Issues
Reproduction type
imitate:
Primitive-Based Imitation: Noncompensatory Transformations
Imitation based on target language: partial compensation
dynamic imitation
Rebuild or Rewrite: Compensatory Transformation
Aesthetic principles
Emptiness and reality, hidden and revealed, releasing and closing
Aesthetic standards: Different styles have different aesthetic requirements
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