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bridge
This is a mind map about bridges, including the composition of bridges, The composition of culverts, bridge classification, steel links, Design of various parts of the bridge, etc.
Edited at 2024-04-22 14:09:34
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bridge
bridge composition
1. pier
2. Bridge deck
3. Bridge arch
4. Bridge cables
5. Bridge abutment
6. Bridge pier foundation
7. Expansion joints
8. Railings and Handrails
9. Drainage system
10. Lighting and traffic sign facilities
The composition of the culvert
The composition of the culvert:
1. Cave body
2. Basics
3. End wing wall
4. Culvert paving
Bridge classification
1. Classification according to structural form: beam bridge, arch bridge, suspension bridge, cable-stayed bridge, rigid frame bridge, etc.
2. Classified by use: road bridges, railway bridges, pedestrian bridges, pipeline bridges, aqueduct bridges, etc.
3. Classification by material: wooden bridge, stone bridge, brick bridge, concrete bridge, steel bridge, prestressed concrete bridge, etc.
4. Classification according to the stress system: static bridge, dynamic bridge, rigid bridge, elastic bridge, plastic bridge, etc.
5. Classification according to construction method: prefabricated bridge, cast-in-place bridge, assembled bridge, cantilever bridge, swivel bridge, etc.
6. Classification according to span size: small bridge, medium bridge, large bridge, extra large bridge, etc.
7. Classification by geographical location: land bridge, sea bridge, mountain bridge, river bridge, river bridge, lake bridge, etc.
8. Classification by age: ancient bridges, modern bridges, modern bridges, etc.
9. Classification according to beautiful appearance: landscape bridge, art bridge, cultural bridge, historical bridge, etc.
10. Classification by transportation mode: single-lane bridge, multi-lane bridge, sidewalk bridge, train bridge, ship bridge, etc.
Rebar links
1. Rebar links are an important connection method in bridge structures.
2. Rebar links are realized by welding, binding or mechanical connection.
3. Steel links can ensure the integrity and stability of the bridge structure.
4. The design of steel links needs to consider the strength, stress characteristics and construction conditions of the material.
5. The quality and reliability of steel links have an important impact on the safety and service life of the bridge.
6. Rebar links have different application methods and requirements in different parts of the bridge.
7. The construction technology and quality control of steel links are key links to ensure the quality of bridge projects.
8. Maintenance and inspection of steel links is an important part of bridge maintenance work.
9. The development and innovation of steel link technology can help improve the performance and efficiency of bridge projects.
10. The rational design and construction of steel links is of great significance to the safety and economy of bridge projects.
Design of various parts of the bridge
1. Bridge pier design
2. Bridge deck design
3. Bridge arch design
4. Tower design
5. Bridge cable design
6. Bridge abutment design
7. Bridge hole design
8. Design of bridge expansion joints
9. Bridge drainage system design
10. Bridge guardrail design
11. Bridge lighting system design
12. Bridge bearing design
13. Bridge foundation design
14. Temporary structure design for bridge construction
15. Design of bridge safety monitoring system
Pier structure
pier
1. Bridge pier is a type of pier structure, used to support bridges across rivers, roads or other obstacles.
2. The design of bridge piers needs to take into account various factors such as the span, load, geological conditions, and water flow of the bridge.
3. The shape and structure of piers vary depending on the type of bridge, such as reinforced concrete piers, steel piers, stone arch piers, etc.
4. The construction of bridge piers requires scientific methods and techniques to ensure the stability and load-bearing capacity of the pier body.
5. The maintenance and management of bridge piers are crucial to ensuring the safety and normal use of the bridge, and require regular inspection, repair and reinforcement.
Bridge pier classification
1. Classification by structure
2. Classification by material
3. Classify by shape
4. Classification by construction method
5. Classification by use
6. Classification according to force characteristics
7. Classification by cross-sectional size
8. Classification by pier height
9. Classification according to the connection method between pier and cap.
10. Classification by top elevation of bridge piers
Abutment
1. The abutment is an important part of the bridge. It is located at both ends of the bridge and supports the superstructure of the bridge.
2. The design of the bridge abutment needs to take into account factors such as the span, load, and foundation conditions of the bridge to ensure its stability and load-bearing capacity.
3. There are various structural forms of abutments. Common ones include gravity abutments, light abutments, frame abutments, etc. The appropriate structural form should be selected according to the specific conditions of the bridge.
4. During the construction of the bridge abutment, multiple processes such as foundation treatment, steel bar processing, formwork erection, and concrete pouring are required to ensure the construction quality of the bridge abutment.
5. The bridge abutment needs to be maintained and inspected regularly during use, and existing problems should be discovered and dealt with in a timely manner to ensure the safe operation of the bridge.
Bridge abutment classification
1. Gravity abutment
2. Light abutment
3. Frame abutment
4. Combined abutment
5. Relying abutment
6. Embedded abutment
7. Pile abutment
8. Anchor type abutment
9. Plate-type bridge abutment
10. Expand the foundation abutment
pier
Piers are an important part of bridges, especially in bridges with two or more holes. The pier is the intermediate support structure in addition to the abutments connected to the embankment at both ends. The function of the bridge pier is to support the bridge span structure and transmit the dead load and vehicle live load to the foundation. Bridge piers are mainly composed of top caps and pier bodies, and their classifications include solid piers, column piers, and row piers. According to the plane shape, bridge piers can be divided into rectangular piers, pointed piers, circular piers, etc. The materials for building bridge piers can be wood, stone, concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, etc. The location of the bridge piers is closely related to the span layout of the bridge superstructure and should be determined through technical and economic comparison. Gravity-type bridge piers usually adopt simple streamlined cross-sectional shapes, such as round-end piers, tip piers, rounded piers, etc., so that the water under the bridge can smoothly bypass the bridge pier and reduce water blocking and scouring beside the pier.
In general, bridge piers are important supporting structures of bridges, and their design, construction and maintenance are crucial to ensuring the safety and stability of the bridge. For more information, it is recommended to consult a book on bridge engineering or consult a bridge engineer.
Common foundations for bridges
Commonly used foundation types for bridges include the following:
1. Expanded foundation: This is an open-cut foundation, suitable for shallowly buried expanded foundations.
2. Pile Foundation: This is one of the most common types of bridge foundations. It transfers the weight and load of the bridge into deeper soil or rock formations by driving long piles into the ground. Pile foundations are suitable for situations where the soil is soft, unstable or where water needs to be crossed. Common pile foundations include reinforced concrete piles, prestressed concrete piles and wooden piles.
3. Caisson Foundation: This foundation type is often used for large bridges, especially in deep water or rivers. A caisson is a pre-built structure that is sunk into the water and filled with concrete to form a foundation.
4. Diaphragm wall foundation: This type of foundation uses an underground diaphragm wall as the supporting structure for the bridge. An underground continuous wall is a wall formed by excavating and pouring concrete underground. It has good load-bearing capacity and water-stopping effect.
5. Combined foundation: This is a foundation that is composed of multiple foundation types to make full use of the advantages of various foundations and meet specific engineering needs.
When selecting the type of bridge foundation, multiple factors such as geological conditions, bridge span, load requirements, and construction conditions need to be considered. At the same time, detailed survey and design are also required to ensure the safety and stability of the foundation.