Chinese name: Scandinavian design

Period: 1940s and 1950s

Reason: The government attaches great importance to and supports design

Purpose: Improve the level of industrial design

1. Scandinavian style is a modern style;

2. Combine modernist design ideas with traditional design culture;

3. Pay attention to the practical functions of the product and emphasize the humanistic factors in the design;

4. Avoid overly rigid and harsh geometric forms;

5. This resulted in a modern aesthetics full of "human touch".

Carl Malmsten

Bruno Mathsson

Lint

Alvar Aalto

Denmark: Among wooden furniture, Danish design is the most classic in the world. The essence of Danish design is people-oriented.

Sweden: Swedish style does not place great emphasis on individuality, but pays more attention to craftsmanship and popularity.

Finland: Finnish designers pursue the integration of the natural spirituality of mountains and rivers into the interior, giving it a kind of artistic wisdom and inspiration derived from nature. Enter

Norway Norwegian furniture exudes heaviness and simplicity, and is full of Nordic temperament.

Chinese name: Modernism

Foreign name: Modernism/modernism

Definition: various avant-garde and rebellious literary and artistic trends in the 20th century

Characteristics: idealism, absurdity, abstraction, nothingness, detachment

Style: Negative, pessimistic, reactionary, decadent, ironic

Art schools: Fauvism, Cubism, Dadaism, etc.

Literary genres: stream of consciousness, futurism, symbolism, etc.

Literary masters: Kafka, Sartre, Camus, Marquez

Representative works: Metamorphosis, The Outsider, One Hundred Years of Solitude

Art Masters: Cézanne, Picasso, Boccioni, Kandinsky

Origin: The Second Industrial Revolution

Origin: French Impressionism at the end of the 19th century

Field: Philosophy, Literature, Fine Arts, Drama, Architecture

Just like the modernism movement, it is a trend of philosophical thoughts triggered by the general changes in culture and society in the modern era.

2. Modernist art has an abstract tendency, is innovative, aesthetic, futuristic and self-referential. It includes visual arts, literature, music, film, design, architecture, and lifestyle.

3. Pay attention to both the practical function of the product and the humanistic factors in design; the late 1930s and the Great Depression of the 1930s made people disappointed with the country's economic stability and eroded utopian ideas.

4. The development of feminism: Starting from the early 19th century, some women used the theory of ideal women to avoid isolating the domestic sphere.

5. The economic crisis in the United States in the early 1930s also left its mark on literature, such as John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath"

Dating back to the late 18th century, it was a primarily agricultural-based country. The 19th century was a critical period for British modernization

At the end of the 18th century, British agricultural technology gradually improved and production efficiency was improved.

In the 1880s, the British Industrial Revolution began, and mechanized production replaced manual production.

In the early 19th century, the invention of the steam engine greatly improved the efficiency of industrial production.

In the mid-19th century, the large-scale development of railway construction made the transportation of goods and the flow of people more convenient.

In the mid-19th century, Britain began to carry out social and political reforms, including the removal of trade restrictions.

•Society: Tolerance of different viewpoints; emphasis on personal characteristics and distinction.

•Economy: The huge consumer market allows businesses to focus on the artistic image of their products.

•War: As a neutral country, trade with both sides and earn huge profits.

•Talent: After World War II, many designers, including those from the Bauhaus, moved to the United States.

•Formalism is the essence

•Form first, function second.

•The purpose is to follow the market in form

(1) Functional abolition That is to make new products have more and more complete functions, thereby making previous products "aging".

(2) Consensual abolition Due to the frequent introduction of new popular styles, the original products become obsolete, that is, they are discarded because they are not in line with the interests of consumers.

(3) Quality type abolition Pre-limit the life of a product so that it becomes unusable after a certain period of time. The style that best expresses this core is the streamlined style, and the typical representative that best expresses the streamlined style is the automobile.

1. The modern style is exquisite and simple, revealing a strong sense of design, but in the minimalist modern style, it has a very noble temperament.

2. Neoclassical furniture is a commonly used furniture element in Italian decoration. It’s more of a pluralistic way of thinking.

3. Italian decoration style is divided into traditional Italian decoration style and modern Italian decoration style. Both styles were equally important in influencing international furniture styles.

The construction process of Italian decorative window sills is very delicate and complex. The slender windows are called "willow windows" and the round windows are called "rose windows."

1. Italian style is the general style of the ancient Greek and Roman traditions.

Italy not only has authentic European classical style, but is also the most active place for modern design.

The Italian style makes full use of the column system, and the column type is organically combined with the raft, arch and wall interface.

(1) Overall balance, ranking among the top in the world

(2) Attach great importance to it and ensure scientific research funding.

(3) Combining production and research, the transformation of results is more difficult

(4) Consolidate advantages and seize the commanding heights of high technology

(1) Basic data: Germany classifies technical trade into the category of service trade, and the Federal Bank (Central Bank) is responsible for statistics.

(2) Measures to promote technology import and export

3. “Shi Taibai” Technology Transfer Center