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MindMap Gallery Oral mucosal infectious diseases

Oral mucosal infectious diseases

A mind map about oral mucosal infectious diseases, mainly including simple scar rash, Candida stomatitis, oral traumatic ulcers, recurrent aphthous ulcers, etc.

Edited at 2023-12-07 14:38:29

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Oral mucosal infectious diseases

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Outline

Oral mucosal infectious diseases

herpes simplex

Mucocutaneous disease caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) HSV classification HSV type 1 and HSV type 2 HSV-1 infects the oral mucosa, pharynx, perioral area, face, and skin and mucosal systems above the waist and is associated with lip cancer HSV-2 infects skin, mucous, genitals below the waist and is linked to cervical cancer

Classification

primary herpetic stomatitis

toddlers and children All mucous membranes of the mouth /More than 6 years old See, especially 6 months to 2 and a half years old

All mucous membranes of the oral cavity (gingiva and palate)

Clusters of small blisters/self-limiting/easy to relapse Divided into four stages, 1. Prodromal stage red (systemic symptoms are severe) 2. Blistering stage 3. Erosion stage yellow 4. Healing stage ~ 4-7

Smear staining, electron microscopy

The preferred acyclovir (acyclovir) nucleoside is the most effective

Recurrent herpes stomatitis

aldult

lip edge

1. Clusters of small blisters 2. At or near the original site of attack

Smear staining, electron microscopy

The preferred acyclovir (acyclovir) nucleoside is the most effective

Recurrent cold sores (cheil sores)

Candida aphthitis

Oral candida is a fungus The most common oral fungus in humans

acute pseudomembranous candidal stomatitis

HIV infection more common in newborns

Cheeks, tongue, soft palate and lips

1 Mucous membranes are congested and red, white as snow, spots and patches 2. White membrane

Acute erythematous (atrophic) candidal stomatitis

antibiotic stomatitis Interferon glossitis

People who take antibiotics, hormones and HIV infection for a long time, chronic wasting disease

tongue mucosa

diffuse erythema

Acute (atrophic) candidiasis

Denture stomatitis

elderly women Patients with dentures

palate

Bright red edema, white and yellow particles or protrusions

chronic proliferative candidiasis

Candida vitiligo

Symmetrical buccal mucosa, medial triangle of mouth

White granular, nodular protrusions

Auxiliary examination: 1. Direct microscopy is the most commonly used 2. Gram staining, 3. PAS staining

Treatment: Topical drug treatment: 2%-4% sodium bicarbonate solution is preferred. Antifungal treatment: Fluconazole is the first choice for systemic treatment

Surgical Treatment: Candida Vitiligo

Must test recurrence aphthous ulcer (RAU)

The prevalence rate ranks first among oral mucosal diseases Periodic, recurrent, self-limiting recurring round or oval shapes

Mild stomatitis

Women aged 10 to 30 years old are more likely than men

Lip, tongue, cheek, soft palate

Yellow red concave pain

Number 3-5, diameter 5-10, healing 10-14, no scars, no systemic symptoms Most common 75%~85%

severe aphthous ulcer (Periglandular aphthous ulcer)

puberty

Angle of mouth, pharynx, soft palate

Large and deep, like craters. Number 1-2. Diameter greater than 10mm. Healing takes 1-2 months. Scars present. Systemic symptoms are severe.

Aphthous ulcer herpetiformis stomatitis type aphtha

adult women

Floor of mouth, belly of tongue

Small and numerous, in the shape of stars, more than a dozen or dozens in number, less than 2mm in diameter, no scars, and mild systemic symptoms

local treatment principles

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, prevent infection, promote healing

For optimal treatment, local therapy is the first choice. Systemic and topical glucocorticoids are the drug of choice.

Oral traumatic ulcer

Chronic deep ulcers caused by long-term physical, mechanical, and chemical stimulation, with surrounding inflammatory reactions The location and shape of traumatic ulcers are often consistent with mechanical irritants After removing the irritating factors, the ulcer improved quickly and had no history of recurrence.

pressure ulcer decubitus ulcers

elderly

Residual root, residual crown, bad restoration

The ulcer is deep, gray in color, and the pain is not obvious

Baylis ulcer

infants

maxillary pterygoid groove

The ulcer is superficial, the baby is crying and restless, and refuses to eat.

Li_Fu ulcer

infants

Tongue tie, tongue tie

Congestion, swelling, and ulceration of the tongue tie

self-inflicted ulcer

teenager

The ulcer is deep and does not heal for a long time, and there are white patches around the irritation

chemical burn ulcer

Treatment of dental patients often occurs near the dental mucosa

There is a white film on the necrotic surface of the burned tissue, the ulcer is superficial, and the pain is obvious

thermal ulcer

subtopic

It starts as a blister. After the blister wall ruptures, erosion or superficial ulcers form, causing obvious pain.

treat

First, local irritating factors should be removed

You can choose 1%-2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, triamcinolone acetonide oral ointment, recombinant human epidermal growth factor, and hygiene education to remove irritating factors.

Drug therapy: first choice: Vitamin A

Oral whitening spots

Smoking, drinking alcohol, chewing betel nut, poor oral hygiene, Candida infection

Homogeneous type

plaque type

middle-aged and older men

White or gray-white hard plaques, slightly raised or uneven, the patient has no symptoms or a rough feeling

Zou paper type

Floor of mouth, belly of tongue

The lesions are gray-white or chalky in color with small cracks on the patches.

non-uniform

Granular type

subtopic

buccal mucosa oral area

White granular protrusions with mucosal congestion and erosion between the protrusions, accompanied by Candida albicans

Verrucous type

elderly women

alveolar ridge

There are burr-like papillary protrusions on the surface of the lesion

Ulcerative type

subtopic

Thickened white patches with erosions or ulcers that are painful

treat

Hygiene education removes irritating factors

Vitamin A is the drug of choice

Conditions prone to malignant transformation

1. Non-uniform type 2. Danger areas: tongue belly, floor of the mouth, lateral edges of the tongue, soft palate complex, and joint area of the corners of the mouth 3. The older you are, the longer you have been sick. 4. It is easy for men to get women, but it is easy for women to become malignant: especially young women who do not smoke. 5. Accompanied by Bai Nian infection 6. Those with large white spot lesions

Must-Test Oral Lichen Planus OLP

The malignant transformation rate of oral lichen planus (precancerous state) is 0.4%-12.2% Chronic superficial inflammatory disease of the skin and mucosa, The skin, nails, membranes, and genitals are prone to hair loss. Middle-aged women are prone to hair loss. Oral mucosa can occur in any part of the oral mucosa. It is most common in the buccal mucosa. Skin lesions 1, light purple polygonal papules 2, wickhan (reticular white lines can be seen under a magnifying glass after applying liquid paraffin), nails: red pinpoint dots Oral manifestations: small papules connected into linear gray-white patterns

Reticulate

Symmetrical buccal mucosa, vestibular groove, pharynx

White mesh stripes

plaque type

dorsum of tongue

light bluish white patches

atrophic

subtopic

Overestimated around white mesh

White mesh around the erythema

Water sore type

subtopic

Cheek, lip, vestibular groove and pterygomandibular ligament

White mesh around the blister

erosion type

subtopic

dorsum of tongue, buccal mucosa

White mesh around the ulcer surface

Papular type

subtopic

dorsum of tongue, buccal mucosa

Small sticky particles surrounded by white mesh

According to whether there is clinical erosion, the surface is divided into

erosion type

Best for buccal mucosa

non-erosive

Reticular, ring, plaque, blister

treat

psychotherapy

Local treatment: To remove local irritating factors and local erosion, hormone can be injected at the base of the erosion.

Systemic treatment (extensive erosion) Glucocorticoids are the first choice, or tripterygium glycosides or hydroxychloroquine are used Quinoline chloride (immunomodulatory drugs)

Syphilis

acquired syphilis

Phase I

Chancre

Usually occurs 2 to 4 weeks after infection

painless inflammatory reaction

Phase II

Mucosal plaques (mucositis)

Phase III

gumma (nodular syphilitic rash)

Treponema pallidum

also known as pallid spirochete

Syphilis pathogen detection

Skin lesions, blood, semen, breast milk, saliva

Syphilis drug of choice

penicillin

Rapid hemagglutination is a specific test for detecting Treponema pallidum