MindMap Gallery Nuclear medicine imaging (radionuclide imaging)
This is a mind map about nuclear medicine imaging (radionuclide imaging). By detecting V-rays emitted directly or indirectly by radionuclides introduced into the human body, computer-assisted image reconstruction is used to locate the disease. and qualitative.
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nuclear medicine imaging (Radionuclide Imaging)
definition
By detecting the y-rays directly or indirectly emitted by radionuclides introduced into the human body, computer-assisted image reconstruction is used to locate and characterize the lesions.
Nature
External measurement of radioactive activity distribution in the body and display of the measurement results in the form of images.
form
If a certain amount of radionuclides are introduced into the human body, it will participate in the body's metabolism or accumulate in specific organs or tissues.
principle
Nuclide tracking
Theoretical principles
Identity
Testability
advantage
high sensitivity
Accurate to 10⁻¹⁸~10⁻¹⁴g
Simple measurement method
Little affected by the outside world, pH and temperature
Can be used in various stages of life activities
Strong specificity
Each test item has a unique marker
shortcoming
Excessive ionizing radiation exposure will cause certain damage to the body's tissue cells.
radioactive agents
Features
Safe and convenient
Clarity is determined by the functional status of the organ and/or tissue rather than changes in tissue density
Focus on functional imaging
equipment
|Camera
principle
composition
Probe
Collimator
principle
use
Eliminate rays that interfere with imaging
Technical Parameters
Sensitivity
spatial resolution
Depth response
scintillator
Photocell multiplication
resistor matrix
location signal
display and record
Performance indicators, quality control
spatial resolution
intrinsic space linearity
inherent energy resolution
Inherent pan-source uniformity
Multi-window spatial registration
Intrinsic count rate characteristics
System sensitivity
Emission computed tomography (ECT)
principle
Computer image reconstruction is used to show the distribution of radionuclides that have entered the body on the cross-section.
Nature
Determine the activity of radionuclides in the body by measuring gamma rays emitted from the body in vitro
composition
Single photon emission computed tomography SPECT
Nature
method
Positron emission computed tomography PET
principle
Advantage
Fusion technology
Advantage
method
Gamma ray detection
gamma ray spectrum
definition
Pulse height spectrum produced by gamma rays in a gamma scintillation spectrometer
Probe
Sodium iodide crystal (NaI)
significance
Determine the count rate of gamma rays of a specific energy from a radioactive isotope
Determination of radioisotopes or radiopharmaceuticals
scintillation counter
use
detection ray
principle
book
composition
scintillator
composition
A certain amount of scintillation material and a small amount of activating material
principle
Advantages of NaI
High detection efficiency and high luminous efficiency
Ideal for high count jobs
Improve photoelectric conversion efficiency
Optical collection system
composition
reflective layer
Optical couplant
The light guide
use
The fluorescence emitted by the scintillator is evenly and effectively transmitted to the photocathode of the photoelectric conversion device-photomultiplier tube.
photomultiplier tube
composition
Photocathode, focusing electrode, secondary emission multiplication system, anode
process
Photons incident on the photocathode generate photoelectrons. The photoelectrons enter the multiplication system through the focusing electrode. The multiplied electrons are collected at the anode to form anode current and voltage.
Advantage
Can measure photons, charged particles and rays
It has strong anti-interference ability for the current pulse given by the photomultiplier tube, and is suitable for working in more complex environments.
pulse amplitude analyzer
use
Analyze current pulses generated by scintillation counters
type
Pulse amplitude discriminator
principle
Design a circuit that only allows pulses of a certain amplitude to pass through, and the used pulses are sent to the counter for recording.
use
Pulses lower than the threshold can be eliminated, and by gradually changing the size of the discrimination threshold, the curve of the change of the count rate with the discrimination threshold, that is, the radiation energy spectrum can be obtained.
Single channel pulse amplitude analyzer
The principle is to directly measure the pulse count between V~V △V
composition
composition
upper discriminator
V△V
lower discriminator
V
Multichannel Pulse Amplitude Analyzer
principle
Multiple pulse analyzers designed into the instrument
advantage
Take one measurement and get the result multiple times with a single-pass pulse amplitude analyzer
Store measurement results and read them out at any time