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Research on the Image of Japan in Ancient Chinese Literature mind map
The content includes Sino-Japanese relations and the image of Japan in Chinese culture, the image of Japan before the Tang Dynasty, the image of Japan in the Tang Dynasty, the image of Japan in the Yuan Dynasty, etc.
Edited at 2023-12-05 22:32:24
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Research on the Image of Japan in Ancient Chinese Literature mind map
- Valentine's Day marketing campaign
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"Research on the Image of Japan in Ancient Chinese Literature"
Sino-Japanese relations and the image of Japan in Chinese culture
The composition of Japanese images in Chinese literature
Exotic image: Chinese historical documents and poems contain a large number of records of the customs and lives of surrounding ethnic groups, and the image of an exotic country is formed in these accounts. Japanese image is one of them.
Geography and exotic images
Location is the decisive factor
Connect with the theory of yin and yang and the five elements
Fangwu and exotic images
The objects contributed by the tribute envoys indicate the political relationship of tribute, but in fact they cover up the trade relationship under the political relationship.
Square objects represent the level of civilization
Customs and exotic images
The core of foreign image research: collective image
Folk customs are an important criterion for civilization and a convenient way to understand a foreign country in general.
Humanities and exotic images
Humanities are an important factor in forming the image of a foreign country, and are the key factors in forming a barbaric image or a civilized image.
Basic factors: poetry, calligraphy and painting
Exchanges began in the Tang Dynasty and continued to the late Qing Dynasty
Mainly through Chinese and Japanese literati and monks: poetry, wine and singing, gifts of books and paintings
The premise and basis for the formation of Japan’s image
Sino-Japanese exchanges are the prerequisite for the formation of Japan’s image
Political relations between China and Japan play a decisive role
official relations
People-to-people exchanges
Communion between Buddhist monks
Maritime trading activities
Heterogeneity and Homogenization of Japanese Culture and Chinese Culture
Chinese culture is the basis for the formation of Japan’s image
The intrinsic reason for the formation of Japan’s image is Chinese culture itself
The most influential factor: China’s moral and ethical concepts
cultural centrism
The image of Japan before the Tang Dynasty
Sino-Japanese relations before Tang Dynasty
Sino-Japanese exchanges in the initial stage: Pre-Qin Period: Indirect Relations between Korea and Korea Chinese historical documents clearly record that the initial exchanges between China and Japan began in the Han Dynasty, and the main channel was the "Silk Road" Sino-Japanese relations developed: Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: "Three Kingdoms" Yamatai and Wei, political needs and "tribute" Restoring transportation relations again: Sui unified China
Sino-Japanese communication methods: immigration
"Island Yi Huifu" and primitive humans
"Daoyi", "Huifu" and Japanese
"Daoyi" and the Japanese Kingdom
Kapok
"Huifu" and Japanese objects
Savages and Immortals: The symphony and evolution of real and virtual images
Primitive savagery, the image of birds and beasts
Confucianism
The transformation of the meaning of kapok and the country of filial piety
Huifu and longevity
The Japanese Kingdom in "Book of the Later Han": The Image of the Benevolent and the Country of Longevity
The Japanese country with the image of a benevolent person: benevolent, gentle, and long-lived
The preliminary understanding of surrounding ethnic groups in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" The Japanese state established formal official relations with the Eastern Han Dynasty
"Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Biography of Dongyi"
The Country of Immortal Gentlemen and the Japanese Country
The relationship between immortality and the good life of the speaker The benevolent live longer
The Japanese in the form of humans and the Mandi in the form of insects and beasts
Nanman and Dongyi in "Book of the Later Han"
The reason for the image of the benevolent man: The East belongs to wood and benevolence, Confucius wanted to live in Jiuyi
The relationship between geography and benevolence in Chinese culture
The thought of "Book of Rites. Kingship" is the ideological basis for depicting the image of Dongyi
The east belongs to wood, and the east has benevolence
The theory that Confucius lived in Jiuyi
The Japanese Kingdom in "Three Kingdoms": the image of human beings moving towards civilization
Political image: Japan, a land of etiquette
The significance of the literature of "Three Kingdoms"
Unequal relationships, political significance is greater than economic relationships
Fan Ye's biography of Japan in "Book of the Later Han" has epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese culture
Wei and the Japanese: Tributary-Subordinate Relationship
Alien Image: Between Civilization and Barbarism
Japanese customs and images
Hierarchy, strange customs
heterogeneity
The clothes of the Japanese: the image of primitive barbarism
Japanese food customs
Eat raw
symbol of human civilization
barefoot
Geographical image: land without fertile land and lush forests
Yu camphor, 楺楞, Touyi, Wuhao, Liquidambar, Xiao, Taoji
Imaginary fairy postures and fairy states
From the "Land of the Immortal" to the Taoist Wonderland
The country of gentlemen, the country of immortality and the country of immortality of gentlemen
"The Classic of Mountains and Seas" Taoist Wonderland
"Book of the Later Han Dynasty" Benevolence and Immortality
The Eastern Sacred Mountains and the Japanese Kingdom
The surnames of the "Immortal Kingdom" and the surnames of the Japanese country
Image of Immortal: Fusang and Immortal Grass
Fusang and Japan
The Immortal Grass and the Reasons for the Wonderland Transformation of Japan
Xu Fu's journey to the east
Reasons: geographical location, surname, Taoist alchemy, long distance, similar geographical location, ignoring the one-way imagination of the object
Various Synonyms: Synonyms and the Image of Japan
Four names: Related to Taoist Wonderland Synonyms related to "日" A synonym named after the character "东" An idiom that has nothing to do with Taoist fairyland or geographical location.
Beast Imagery and Cultural Centrism
The Japanese country with animal images: human body and dog head, its voice is like a bark
Appearance and clothing
Unclean diet
animal image
Imagination of women's country
man's appearance
Women's country food
The causes of animal images: Chinese cultural centrism
Negative Dongyi View
Othering
The Huayi View of Chinese Cultural Centrism
The image of Japan in the Tang Dynasty
The general status of relations between Tang and Japan
The exchanges and trade of envoys between Tang and Japan
In 600, Prince Udo established Sui-Japanese relations, and in 630, Soga Ezo, Takayojin, and Kurita Masato
Send envoys to the Tang Dynasty to pay tribute and trade
The friendly exchanges between Tang and Japanese literati are an important driving force for the development of Tang-Japan relations.
The first war between China and Japan
The Battle of Baekjeangkou: The War for the Unification of Silla
Tang Dynasty and Silla VS Japan and Baekje
The ultimate goal of the Tang army was to destroy Goguryeo
The relationship between Tang and Japan ≠ the relationship between Tang and South Korea. The relationship between Tang and Japan was not a tributary relationship from the beginning.
Navigation technology and routes in the Tang Dynasty
Direct sailing from Tang to Japan, multi-hull ship
March, May, Autumn
golden age
Human image no different from China
Human image: sincere friendship, exquisite objects, natural landscape Japanese natural landscape image
Friends and human figures
The image of Japan as an alien gradually disappeared and became completely human.
Farewell poem
The transformation of the image of Japanese people from immortals and beasts to humans is mainly completed through the image of friends.
Human Emotions in Fangwu
The human images in Fangmono are based on the level of Japanese production and craftsmanship.
The technology represented by Fangmono is also a symbol of Japanese national civilization. The affirmation of Fangmono is an expression of humanization.
Practical technology in Japan during the Tang Dynasty
Engraving technology and papermaking technology
Japanese natural landscape images
Japan becomes a symbol of landscape
From alien to human: Confucianism, Buddhism and self-replication Confucianism is responsible for Japan's changing image
Confucianism is the reason for Japan’s image change
Buddhism is the reason behind Japan's changing image
self-replicating human figure
Image of Japan in the Song Dynasty
The general situation of relations between Song and Japan
In the late ninth century, private trade began to replace official trade: private merchant ships The war seriously damaged the development of agriculture and handicrafts, and also damaged the trade between Song and Japan.
Official relations between Song and Japan
After sending the Tang envoy, official relations between Japan and China were at a standstill.
Japanese scholar monks came to Song Dynasty
Trade relations between Song and Japan
An agency to manage trade was established in Siming (Ningbo)
Private trade was an important channel for exchanges between Song and Japan
Ban on trade with Japan
Japan, Goryeo buy large quantities of Chinese copper coins
Important social issues in Song-Japanese trade
Buddhism’s Song-Japanese Relations
The communication between Buddhist monks was another channel for communication between Song and Japan
"Gongfangwu" has become a monk's personal behavior
Japanese monks: sincere search, stillness and tranquility
Monk who entered the Song Dynasty: stowaway, maritime trader, drifter
A Japan with eternal ideals and exquisite utensils
Ideals and vulgarities: one surname for all times, good customs and vulgar customs
sociopolitical
Japan: The Confucian ideal image of one surname being passed down from generation to generation.
The rational political image of the eternal lineage only exists in the imagination of the Song people.
The Japanese calendar is the same as the Chinese calendar
Politics and customs are the most important yardsticks for the formation of a country’s image
folk customs
Good and simple, it seems that the ancient customs of the Yao and Shun era still exist
Ouyang Xiu's "Japanese Sword Song"
Suitable for planting grains
The four seasons of cold and heat are also similar to those in China
A national image that loves peace and does not like war
The continuation of benevolent Japan
Weird customs
There is no medicine. If you are sick, you will be naked and soaked in water and pray to God.
"Dividing species"
Monks and profiteers: elegance and sincerity versus ugly men and women
An elegant and sincere Japanese monk who keeps his word
The image of the land of gods and Buddhas
Song poetry: expresses Japanese monks’ emotions towards Buddhism and depicts their dedication to Buddhism
Anjue in Luo Dajing's "Helin Jade Dew" carves bones to practice Buddhism
Rongxi, a monk who entered the Song Dynasty in Lou Yao's "Tiantong Mountain Thousand Buddha Pavilion", was sincere to Buddhism and made a promise worth a thousand pieces of gold.
Junqiu in Lou Yao's "Lingzhi Lawyer Praise" is rigorous in Buddhist teachings, good at painting, and versatile.
The monks who entered the Song Dynasty were the earliest transmitters of Song Dynasty learning
Longevity person: Monk Wawu is 163 years old, continuing the image of the "land of immortality"
Image of Japanese profiteers
The prosperity of maritime trade: in fact, it was the prosperity of copper coin trade in Song and Japan
Characteristics and causes
Instant profit
Copper coins
Something new: lychee
The bravery and cunning of Japanese merchants
Violating the imperial merchant regulations and risking one's life in pursuit of trade
Entering the ship in batches to avoid inspection
unequal transaction
exchanging soil for gold
Objects and Geography: A Country of Treasures, Excellent Utensils and the End of the World
Japan, the Land of Treasures and Curious Objects (an extension of Japan’s geographical image)
Imagination
Ruyi Baozhu
"Mountain Rat"
One of the driving forces of maritime trade
in reality
Japanese wood
Japanese chestnuts
delicacy
Japanese cooking methods
荍
Japanese food: sole fish
History and Legend
Wang Mang drinks wine and eats mackerel
Cao Cao's Bronze Bird Tower
Liu Yong eats scab
The ends of heaven and earth and Japan’s geographical imagination
Surreal imagination: imagination of Sanshen Mountain
Japan with exquisite utensils: Japanese swords and literati of the Song Dynasty
The image of Japan with fine utensils was formed in the Song Dynasty and is one of the most important images of Japan in Chinese literature.
Japanese sword
Japanese sword
private trade
The quality of utensils reflects the national character of the Japanese nation
Japanese fan
Themes of Chinese literary chants
tribute → market trade
Poetry, calligraphy and painting are symbols of cultural image
Japanese Poetry: Scholars' Words, Rich Rare Books and Superficial Carvings
Farewell poems from the Song Dynasty
Farewell to Japanese monks
Friendship is the basic theme of the poetry of monks in Song and Japan
Focus on depicting the collective image of Japan that relies on rhetoric
Ouyang Xiu's "Japanese Sword Song"
Japan has its own book
Japanese literati admired Chinese literature, and the whole country of Japan sought Xiao Yingshi as his teacher. A good story from the Tang Dynasty
Song people's evaluation of Japanese literature
Fully recognize the achievements of Japanese literature
Conflicting Dongyi Views
It has not completely eliminated the image of barbarian Japan, and always looks at its eastern neighbors with a sense of cultural superiority.
Calligraphy and Painting in Japan: Proficient in Calligraphy and Poor in Painting
Japanese calligraphy
Jue, the silence illuminates the good book
Japanese painting
Collection of Japanese paintings with inscriptions by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty
The reason why Chinese literati don’t think highly of it is because Japanese traditional paintings have strong colors and many uses of gold and green.
Image of Japan in the Yuan Dynasty
General status of Yuan-Japan relations
The political relationship between Yuan and Japan
The Yuan Dynasty sent envoys to Japan in the hope of establishing official relations, but Japan ignored them
Two internal attitudes towards the Japanese conquest war
Actively advocated conquering the Japanese
Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty - the most determined conqueror of the Japanese
Reason: The world surrenders
War of Conquering Japan
In the first war against Japan in 1274, the Yuan army was defeated. In the second war against Japan in 1281, the Yuan army was defeated.
The reason why Goryeo actively participated in the conquest of Japan was to expand Goryeo's interests in the name of conquering Japan.
Oppose the conquest of Japan
Reason: Exhausting troops and attacking far away places harms people and money. He believes that Japan is a small country and it doesn’t mean much whether it wins or loses in conquering Japan.
Advocate to persuade Japan
Yuanri monks, transportation of maritime merchants
Buddhism
Monks who went to Japan: One mountain and one tranquility, benefiting the sun, and eternal peace
Purpose: Pilgrimage to holy places, travel for fame and fortune, travel to famous rivers and mountains, collect Buddhist scriptures and cultural relics Study architecture, art, calligraphy, painting, printing
trading
mutual market
Reason: Using mutual trade to induce Japan to pay tribute in order to establish relations between the two countries
Maritime transportation
Purpose: To spy on China’s military intelligence
Purchase copper coins
daily necessities
Japanese pirates in the Yuan Dynasty
Started in the Yuan Dynasty and flourished in the Ming Dynasty
reason
Tongshi
The soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty have been without fighting for a long time, and they are becoming more and more lax and have no fighting ability.
The department in charge of Yuan-ri trade could not treat Japanese merchants fairly and even tried to rob Japanese merchants of their goods.
Satisfy the luxurious life of Japan's top samurai
Unconventional image of Japanese pirates
Brave Japan: Compliant Imagination and Failure of Persuasion
Literary works of the early Yuan Dynasty
The continuation of the image of the gentle and benevolent person in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty"
Wang Yun's "Slow Expedition"
The Japanese believed that the rulers of Yuan and Mongolia were Di Man, not the true successors of China. This was one of the reasons why the Japanese shogunate was unwilling to establish official relations with Yuan and Mongolia.
Contains elements of Confucian orthodox thought
Mini Japan: The vilified non-genre and the original “Little Japan”
The plague of Japanese pirates made people feel the irregularity of different human beings, and the image of benevolent Japan disappeared.
The meaning of non-class is mainly in ethics, rather than the external physical appearance of the Japanese.
Japanese pirates influenced the creation and reading of literati
Vilifying the image of Japan is a characteristic of this type of literary works
"Chier" Japan's main emotion is contempt
The image of weak, poor and strong and brutal
"Tier" Japan not only refers to its small geographical area, but mainly refers to its weakness in the sense of contrast between strength and weakness.
Heroes: Erlezhetu, the perfect one is bald
The image of a greedy, tough and rude bandit
as an idealization of the human image
Japanese monk Tianlun: the ideal image of people who are not evil and have good nature
Deep friendship is the basic theme of Hu Sing and Da's work
Zhonggang is not evil and has a good nature in Japan.
The collective image of Japan and the personal image of Yumonk
The collective ideal image of people not evil and good-natured
The image of Zhonggang Zhonggang, who is elegant, gentle and poetic.
The Zen monk with a clear mind and body and the emotions of family relationships in the world
Characteristics of monks
The profound realm of Buddhism, the sincerity of understanding the Dharma, the uncontaminated state of mind, and the intimacy with green mountains and beautiful waters, white gulls and floating clouds
Characteristics of an everlasting family relationship: friendship in the world, nostalgia for homeland, letters exchanged
The image characteristics of monks are related to the fact that people are not evil and have good nature.
The Japanese monk whose family relationship remains intact
Friendship among Zen monks
Japanese poetry and painting: the image of a civilized country
Evaluation and description of Japanese literature
The image of the talented Japanese monk
Long history and rich ancient cultural image
Japanese calligraphy and painting
calligraphy
Tao Zongyi's "History of Calligraphy" introduces Japanese kana and calligraphy for the first time
painting
Poems on paintings
Maritime Trade and Fangwu: Exoticness, Advertising and the Prosperity of Trade
Yuan-ni trade and the image of Japanese maritime merchants
Various Japanese objects are very literary and artistic, and have the effect of advertising.
goods exchange yibofu
The imageability, advertising and Japanese trade of Japanese items
exotic colors
tribute
Materials directly affect human beings' daily lives and also affect people's emotional consciousness.
High-quality and exquisite square objects will bring pleasant emotions to people, and will also be painted into beautiful images and become pleasant emotional sustenance. This creates a good impression of that nation
Japanese fan, Japanese paper, Japanese ink
Image of Japan in Ming Dynasty
General status of tomorrow's relationships
Tomorrow’s political and economic relations
In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, thus entering a new era of Sino-Japanese relations.
Economic interests are the most important factor
The Ming government considered political interests, while the Japanese shogunate paid more attention to economic interests.
Invasion of Japanese pirates
Japanese pirates were one of the biggest social problems in the Ming Dynasty
The Japanese pirates were an armed organization composed of Japanese fishermen, farmers, businessmen, and samurai.
The shogunate and local samurai restricted the activities of Japanese pirates in the hope of maintaining good relations with the Ming Dynasty and seeking greater benefits.
tomorrow war
Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea was a major event that shocked the entire Ming Dynasty
Invading North Korea to open the way to the Ming Dynasty
In the 20th year of Wanli, the Ming government decided to send reinforcements to repel the Japanese army, but they were defeated by the Japanese army.
As a result, the two countries entered an era of alternating peace negotiations and war.
The war ended when Toyotomi Hideyoshi died of illness
The incompetence of the Ming army
The result of the development of maritime transportation
Japanese shipbuilding technology has developed greatly, enabling Japanese pirates and Japanese troops to basically achieve their expansion goals.
The heterogeneous relationship between “slaves” and “bandits”
Aliens: Stupid Minions and Cunning Heroes
Japanese slaves: Foolish slaves and heroes
Foolish slave
The image of Japanese pirates in the Ming Dynasty: vilification and othering
Li Panlong "Dongguang"
The nature of unequal tribute trade relations
"Japanese slave" has become the most important positioning vocabulary for the image of Japanese pirates.
It was first used in the Southern Dynasties, Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han"
"Japanese slaves": slaves of the Japanese state, that is, the vassal states of the Japanese state. From the "Book of Sui" onwards, the Japanese slaves became a synonym for the Japanese state.
strong sense of discrimination
It has become certain that the name of the country was changed because the Japanese character was not elegant.
Paying tribute or not is the most important basis for the formation of Japan's image
Hero
Cunning and insidious, not stupid.
Arrogant and disrespectful, arrogant and ignorant of etiquette, unwilling to perform Hajj
Japanese slaves: the alien image of a clown jumping off the beam
The clown image of Japan is an extension of the Japanese slave image
The two images of slave and bandit are always intertwined.
Strong heterogeneity
The alien image of Japan in Ming Dynasty literature is more prominent than ever before
Imjin War
Beasts: Japanese pirates who have lost all their benevolence and righteousness and are cruel and inhumane
The animalization of Japanese pirates is one of the main features of Japanese images in Ming Dynasty literature
according to
The Japanese pirates were cruel and inhumane, and they brought tragic disasters to the people in southeastern China.
Japanese policeman
Basic Theme: Disaster
"City Building Ballad"
"The King's Claw Proverb"
"Fire Song"
Virgin and Martyrdom
It brought great disaster to the lives of literati
The image of Japanese pirates in Ming Dynasty novels
Qingpingshantang Huaben written by Ye Hongzhen in the middle Ming Dynasty
earliest mention
"The Strange Encounter of Yang Balao in Yue Kingdom" in Feng Menglong's "Yu Shi Ming Yan"
Older novels about Japanese invasion
The non-fictional nature of novel plot conception
The historical reality of the time and place of Japanese pirate raids
The historical authenticity of the detailed description of the scene
Heroic divisions, cowardly divisions and the reason why Japanese pirates are rampant
The heroic army of the Ming Dynasty
China’s officers, soldiers and people fought bravely against the Japanese
Anti-Japanese Hero: Qi Jiguang
The joy of victory in wiping out the Japanese pirates is an important theme in the poet's creation
The joy of victory is the sign of a victorious army
Ming people are politically unable to correctly and objectively understand the shortcomings of the factual situation. Out of the political mentality of reporting good things but not bad things, they have fabricated many victorious scams.
The Ming Dynasty officers and soldiers were cowardly troops
"Sea Pirates" and "The Arrival of the Officials and Troops" Fourteen Maritime Chronicles
The misery of the people, the incompetence of the officers and soldiers, and the ferocity and cunning of the Japanese pirates
The reason why Japanese pirates are rampant
Problems with the Ming Dynasty’s official army
Direct reason: Self-preservation of official position
The underlying reason: the officers and soldiers have no combat effectiveness
The collusion and defense of profiteers and Japanese pirates
profiteer
thugs
The relationship between tribute and trade tomorrow
reason
In the Ming Dynasty, transportation had developed greatly, and Japanese bandits could easily become pirates.
Tomorrow's tribute has degenerated into almost entirely a trade relationship.
The main reason for paying tribute or not lies in the way of Sino-Japanese relations and whether Japan's desires are satisfied.
Material relations directly determine the image of Japanese pirates
Imjin War of Invasion of Korea
An image of Japan without otherization
Envoys and Monks: Images of human beings whose family relationships are not lost and whose benevolence and righteousness remain.
The image of human beings whose benevolence and righteousness still exists
Whether there is benevolence and righteousness is the fundamental criterion for whether it can exist as a human image.
Li Hengzhong, happy people
foreign consciousness
homesick
The ambiguity of foreign boundaries
Sharing the sun and moon, becoming one family, the collective image of Japan that is indistinguishable from Japan
Isolation of Japanese envoy monks from the flames of war
Sending a monk back to Japan
Basic themes: Affection, Buddhism
Japanese envoy
It depicts the image of a friendly envoy, or the image of a Buddhist monk who transcends two countries and persistently seeks Buddhism.
The Image of the Scholar Monk: The Exquisite Calligraphy and Painting and the Distinction of Birds’ Talk
Japanese calligraphy and painting
The evaluation of poetry, calligraphy, painting and music is an integral part of the Japanese monk’s personal image
Sesshu is waiting
The Japanese people spent a lot of money to acquire calligraphy and paintings, which also showed an aspect of the image of Japan’s civilized nation.
Japanese poetry and the image of the poetic monk
The image of Japan is combined with the image of poets and monks
The degree of civilization development of a nation is often expressed through literature.
Literati directly evaluate Japanese literature
Chen Yuanyun comments on Ishikawa Jozo
Wen Huiming
Japanese landscape image
"Japan East"
white cherry blossoms
The popularity of homonomono and wealthy Japan
The exquisite Japanese fan: unstoppable popularity and wealthy Japan
The popularity of Japanese fans
Loved by literati and women
The popularity of materials has conquered traditional national customs. The popularity of Japanese fans well illustrates the relationship between materials and literature and art.
Immortals and fairyland are one of the fixed symbols of Japan as a foreign country, and fairyland and immortals are the main content of Japanese fan poems.
Critical awareness of Japanese fan trade and the image of profiteers
Wang Fu's "Japanese Fan Ballad"
The earliest boycott of Japanese goods in Chinese history
Exchanging Japanese fans for antiques is like exchanging loess for gold.
The negative image of Japanese pirates plays an important role in generating awareness of resisting Japanese goods.
The popularity of Japanese fans is based on unequal trade. However, the critical consciousness of some literati comes from nostalgia for tradition rather than resistance to Japanese fans themselves.
Changed Chinese people’s living customs
"Jade Drop Fan Song"
Japanese fans and the image of wealthy Japan
From "the country of jewels" to "the country of wealth"
"Rich Japanese"
Popularity of Fangwu: Exotic images and choice of Fangwu varieties, expansion
From Japanese sword to Japanese sword, cutting sword
The Japanese sword is not a rare thing. Officials wear swords.
Gifts commonly given between friends
The image of fine utensils
Japanese side objects determine the image of Japan in literature, and at the same time, the image of Japan in literature has an important influence on the choice of tribute side objects. This is an interactive relationship.
The selection of tributes is closely related to the image of Japan in Chinese literature and culture, and tributes are also part of the image of Japan.
Japanese inkstones and furniture
Products requiring process technology
Mostly related to gold and jade
Japanese jade chess
Japanese lacquerware
bookcase
japanese jewelry
Japan is imagined as a land of jewels and gold, but this is just an imaginary utopia and does not match the actual situation in Japan.
The image of Japan in the Qing Dynasty
The general status of Qing-Japanese relations
Sino-Japanese relations and maritime traffic in the early and mid-Qing Dynasty
Lockdown policy, no intention to build relations
Reasons for the maritime ban in the early Qing Dynasty
Worried about Taiwan’s Zheng Chenggong uniting with the mainland to fight against the Qing Dynasty
After Kangxi pacified Taiwan, he decided to abolish the maritime ban
Qing Dynasty Trade
copper
gold and silver
Sino-Japanese cultural exchange
Zhu Zixue
theory of mind
theme
Mito School
Zhu Shunshui
textual criticism
Gu Yanwu, Dai Zhen, Qian Daxin
Mostly used for Chinese studies research
Main idea: respect the king and oppose the shogunate
There is less direct communication, mainly through books.
Sino-Japanese relations in the late Qing Dynasty
Sino-Japanese relations enter a period of reversal
After the Opium War
Recognize the importance of the Meiji Restoration
Began sending international students to Japan to learn Japanese advanced culture and technology
Sino-Japanese relations are on bad terms, and official and non-governmental exchanges are more intensive than ever before
people at all levels
The starting point for the Chinese to get rid of the mentality of going to the country, truly understand their neighboring country Japan, and begin to fully understand Japan’s history and culture
The image of Japanese pirates in Qing Dynasty novels
Ugly Japan: From “clown” to “ugly”
The ugly image of Japanese pirates: from "clown" to "thief-ugly" and "ferocious-ugly"
Create an ugly image of Japanese pirates in a plot-based way
"The Wizard of Oz"
It emphasizes the meaning of ugly and downplays the weak image caused by "small"
The change in wording also shows that after the Japanese invasion passed, literati in the Qing Dynasty more clearly understood the seriousness of the Japanese invasion.
"The Wild Old Man Exposes His Words"
Using knowledge as fiction was a common phenomenon in the Qing Dynasty
Ugliness was the main method used to depict Japanese pirates in Qing Dynasty novels
Ugly appearance
bestiality or demonization
Categorization of character
The ugly character of the Japanese
The image of a brave and fierce Japanese general
"Speaking of the Tang Dynasty"
The only way to win against Japanese pirates is through trickery
The continuation of the psychological awareness of Chinese people in the Ming Dynasty reflects the consciousness and emotions of Chinese people in the Ming and Qing Dynasties towards Japanese pirates.
Japanese novels about Japan during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty
"Dreams in Qilou"
Exaggerating the power of Japanese generals is ultimately to show the power of Chinese generals, which is not without the fear of Japanese pirates.
"Snow Moon Plum"
"Jade Toad"
From a weak image without an army and left to be captured, to a clown, and then to a truly powerful enemy. This is a qualitative change in the image of Japan in Chinese literature.
The image of false Japanese
The Chinese who were forced to pretend to be Japanese pirates
Chinese bandits who surrendered to the Japanese pirates
"Traitor"
The fake Japanese are out-and-out villains with no positive color at all.
"The Wizard of Oz"
Wang Zhi, Xu Hai, Chen Dong, Ma Ye
Image of obscene Japanese: extremely obscene Japanese
ugly behavior
patterning of plot
Lust is the first desire of the Japanese pirate general, and all other demands must be subordinated to the first desire.
"Snow Moon Plum"
"The Foreign History of Female Immortals"
"Dreams in Qilou"
"The Wild Old Man Exposes His Words"
Japanese souvenirs
Japanese fan
Japan’s porn culture is more open and can openly enter people’s daily vision.
China’s pornographic culture is basically invisible
Literary man falling in love with prostitute
Appearance of Japanese pirates: handsome appearance and forced Japanese rebels
The handsome Japanese king and queen
Facialization technique
Judge people by their appearance
"Jade Toad"
Baihua Empress
"Dreams in Qilou"
The appearance of the Japanese king and the Japanese queen is not different.
Chinese people’s view of barbarian appearance
Barbarians must look like orangutans and monkeys, they are beasts that have not yet evolved.
The image of the "island barbarians wearing costumes" wearing animal skins and feathers has gradually faded, becoming almost abstract and synonymous with barbarians.
Japanese people have two images: positive and negative.
Internal causes of Japanese invasion
The original cause of the Japanese invasion did not lie with the Japanese, but with China's own internal
Official persecution of Japanese rebels is considered to be the reason for their rebellion.
The troubles of Japanese pirates can still be avoided, but the corruption of corrupt officials cannot be avoided.
"Jade Toad" and "Three Kingdoms"
positive image
Marriage between Chinese and Japanese pirates
"Dreams in the Tower" and "Jade Toad"
Japanese objects in Qing Dynasty literature
Ordinary square objects: breaking through the Japanese image of sophisticated utensils
Japanese horse
"Dreams in Qilou"
Japanese horses are described as good
China and Japan have not established tributary relations, and Japanese goods mainly flow into China through trade.
Japanese Camellia
Maritime merchant ships brought into China
New trade gave rise to new images of Japan in Chinese literature
The formation of foreign images may come from the different characteristics of foreign people or things, or from artificial imagination of foreign countries.
Japanese hydrangea
daily life
Fujikasa
Japanese lacquerware
The image of Japanese satin: the imitation of traditional objects and the dilution of the exotic image
Japanese satin
Palace, a symbol of power, followed by wealth
Part of the image of treacherous officials and corrupt officials
A symbol of nobility and wealth, but also a symbol of luxury and evil.
Japanese satin is completely Chinese
The popularization of exotic products is the main way to dilute the consciousness and image of foreign countries.
"The Heroes of Sons and Daughters": Japanese swordsmen and female heroes
The excellence of Japanese swords: the conditions for Japanese swords to become the treasured swords in the hands of heroines
Chinese Japanese sword culture
The restoration of the image of the sword and its high popularity cleared the way for the Japanese sword to transform from a thing in the hands of Jiezhai into a sword in the hands of chivalrous heroes. The Japanese sword finally became the protagonist of chivalrous novels.
"The Heroes of Sons and Daughters"
"Xia" means "violating the law with force" and upholding justice outside the law.
The creation of the image of the heroine is one of the cores of the novel
"Japanese Saber Song"
Thick back and thin blade
The sharpness of the Japanese sword
The bending shape and production of Japanese swords
Heroine
Completely masculine heroine
A heroine who maintains certain feminine characteristics
The image of Japanese swords: martial arts, chivalry and love
The expression of the image of Japan with sophisticated utensils
A chivalrous person eliminates harm for the people, but does not do so for the purpose of receiving compensation. This is a general characteristic of the image of a chivalrous person.
Japanese swords and chivalry are directly combined