MindMap Gallery Medicine - Childbirth Complications Mind Map
This is a mind map about medical obstetrics-delivery complications, mainly including postpartum hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism, Uterine rupture, etc. I wrote it myself and provide it for free. I hope it can be helpful to everyone.
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The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
This Valentine's Day brand marketing handbook provides businesses with five practical models, covering everything from creating offline experiences to driving online engagement. Whether you're a shopping mall, restaurant, or online brand, you'll find a suitable strategy: each model includes clear objectives and industry-specific guidelines, helping brands transform traffic into real sales and lasting emotional connections during this romantic season.
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The ice hockey schedule for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, featuring preliminary rounds, quarterfinals, and medal matches for both men's and women's tournaments from February 5–22. All game times are listed in Eastern Standard Time (EST).
childbirth complications
postpartum hemorrhage
Cause
uterine atony
placental factors
placenta accreta
retained placenta
Retained placenta
Soft birth canal laceration
coagulopathy
clinical manifestations
vaginal bleeding
Fetus bleeds immediately after delivery → soft birth canal laceration
The fetus bleeds a few minutes after delivery → placenta factor
The outline of the uterus is unclear, the uterus is high and soft, and there is heavy bleeding → weak uterine contractions
Persistent non-coagulation → coagulopathy
hypotension
deal with
General processing
Treating postpartum hemorrhage
Massage the uterus (to promote contractions and stop bleeding) ↓ failed Tocolytics (the first choice is utetocin, which can be injected intravenously or intramuscularly) (the second choice is ergometrine, which can only be injected intramuscularly) ↓ failed Uterine gauze packing ↓Failed Surgery for uterine atony
Placenta adhesions→The first choice is to remove the placenta with bare hands→ (ps: It is forbidden to massage and stretch the palace before success) bottom or umbilical cord)
If failed → stop peeling
Conservative treatment
hysterectomy
If successful → Inject ergometrine to promote uterine contractions
amniotic fluid embolism
Cause
The pressure in the amniotic cavity is too high (amniotic fluid squeezes into damaged capillaries)
Sinus opening
Rupture of fetal membranes
Pathophysiology
anaphylactoid reaction
Pulmonary hypertension → increased right heart load → right heart failure → shock
Inflammation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC (a large amount of thrombin in the amniotic fluid → a large number of microthrombi)
clinical manifestations
cardiac arrest
acute hypoxia
coagulopathy
deal with
Primary: Maintain vital signs and correct respiratory and circulatory failure
Anti-allergy → high-dose glucocorticoids can be used in early stage
Correct DIC → Do not use heparin
Uterine rupture
Cause
History of uterine surgery
Obstructed descent of presentation
narrow pelvis
Cephalopelvic disproportion
soft birth canal obstruction
Abnormal fetal position
giant fetus
strong uterine contractions
clinical manifestations
threatened uterine rupture
Tonic contractions of the uterus and severe pain in the lower abdomen
The occurrence of pathological retraction rings (circular depressions in the abdomen)
Bladder pressure → difficulty urinating, hematuria
Uterine contractions are too strong → the fetal heart and body cannot be palpated
Uterine rupture (developing from threatened uterine rupture)
incomplete uterine rupture
complete uterine rupture
deal with
threatened uterine rupture
Suppression of uterine contractions (pethidine) → subsequent cesarean section
Uterine rupture (ps: broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used to fight infection throughout the process)
All breaks, no infection
Breach repair
The wounds are uneven and infected.
Total hysterectomy