Social existence and social consciousness
Basic issues in the view of social history: the relationship between social existence and social consciousness
Two views of history
historical materialism
Social existence determines social consciousness
Idealistic view of history
Social consciousness determines social existence
Deny the objective laws of social history
Deny the decisive role of the people in social and historical development
social existence
natural geographical environment
Demographic factors
Restricted by social production conditions and social systems
material production methods
The foundation and decisive force of social existence and development
Social awareness
ideology
The part of social consciousness that forms the conceptual superstructure
Political and legal thought, morality, art, religion, philosophy
non-ideological
Natural sciences and linguistics, formal logic
Dialectical Relations
Social existence determines social consciousness. Social consciousness is a reflection of social existence and reacts on social existence.
relative independence of social consciousness
Social consciousness and social existence are incompletely synchronized and unbalanced
There is mutual influence among various forms within social consciousness
Social consciousness has an active reaction on social existence
Outstanding performance of relative independence
basic contradictions in society
productivity and production relations
productive forces
The material power formed by human beings in production practices to transform and influence nature to make it suitable for social needs.
Basic elements
laborer
The most active factor in productivity
manual workers, mental workers
Important factors: science and technology
The concentrated expression and main symbol of advanced productivity, the first productive force
Relations of production
Economic relationships formed in the process of material production that are independent of human will
Ownership relations of means of production
Relationships between people and product distribution in production
Basic types (according to the nature of ownership of means of production)
Production relations based on public ownership of the means of production
Production relations based on private ownership of the means of production
interrelationship
Productivity determines production relations, and production relations have an active reaction on productivity.
economic base and superstructure
economic basis
The sum of production relations determined by productivity at a certain stage of social development
superstructure
An ideology based on a certain economic foundation and the corresponding systems, organizations and facilities
conceptual superstructure
Established under certain ideological guidance and a manifestation of the will of the ruling class
political superstructure
The power of reality affects people's ideological and theoretical views
nation
Divide citizens by region
rely on coercive or violent means and the imposition of taxes to maintain
State system and government
The national system determines the political system, and the political system is subordinate to the national system
interrelationship
Upper decision decided by the economic background
nature, direction of change
The superstructure has a counterproductive effect on the economic base
The superstructure must conform to the laws of the economic base
The basic economic conditions determine the development direction of the superstructure and determine the corresponding adjustments or changes in the superstructure.
The reaction of the superstructure must also depend on and be subject to the nature and objective requirements of the economic base
The role of the people and individuals in social history
the masses
The people are the creators of history
heroic view of history
shortcoming
Deny that the mode of production of material materials is the decisive force in social development
Deny the historical role of the people
Subjective idealist heroic view of history
Objective idealist heroic view of history
Mass view of history
Embodying the methodological principles of historical materialism in examining the creators of history
People and their essence based on reality
Based on the overall social and historical process
Starting from the inevitability of social and historical development
Examine the relationship between people and history from different levels
The decisive role in making history
play a decisive role in the development of social history
Creator of social material wealth
Creator of social spiritual wealth
The decisive force of social change
personal
historical figure
The main advocate and organizational leader of certain historical events
An important representative of ideological theory, science and culture
Limitations: Restricted by the objective laws of social development
Analytical method
historical analysis method
Starting from a specific historical background
Conduct a specific and comprehensive investigation of the rights and wrongs of historical figures
class analysis method
placed in certain class relations
Evaluate and examine in relation to the class to which they belong
Mass, class, party, leader
class
Its status is affected by its position in the system of production relations
political party
Composed of the most conscious and active elements of the class
The formation and development of world history
Communicate
The material and spiritual exchanges, interactions, and interconnected activities between individuals, groups, classes, nations, and countries under certain historical conditions
effect
Promote the development of productivity
Promote the progress of social relations
Promote the development and spread of culture
Promote the all-round development of people
world history
Basic characteristics: general communication
The basis for formation and development: changes in production methods
Promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind and promote the construction of a better world
Social progress and human development
social progress
Concentrated expression: the change of social form
Important sign: human development level
main performance
Social form develops from low level to high level
three phases
The stage in which human dependence dominates
Primitive society, slave society, feudal society
The stage of human independence based on dependence on things
Development within the same social formation
historical selectivity
The inevitability of social development creates the basic trend of social development in a certain historical stage
The process of social form replacement is a process in which subjective initiative and objective regularity are unified.
People's historical selectivity is ultimately the selectivity of the masses
Civilizations and their diversity
Civilization: Civilization is the sum of all material, spiritual and institutional achievements created by mankind.
diversity of civilizations
Every civilization is an important part of human civilization
Respect and protect the diversity of civilizations and promote the harmonious coexistence of different civilizations
Civilization form
The form or presentation of civilization
Time dimension division
Agricultural civilization
division of society
slave society civilization
feudal society civilization
The driving force of social and historical development
basic contradictions in society
Definition: The contradiction that runs through the social development process and stipulates the basic nature and basic trends of the social development process.
productivity and production relations
productive forces
The most basic dynamic factor in the movement of basic social contradictions and the final decisive force for the development and progress of human society
The fundamental content of social progress and the fundamental measure of social progress
Determine the existence and development of other contradictions in society
economic base and superstructure
Contradictions that affect and restrict productivity and production relations
Contradiction transformation
The content of both sides of the main contradiction in society has changed to a certain extent
Contradictory status changes
Performance: New stage characteristics have emerged in the process of social development
Class Struggle (Direct Motivation)
The manifestation of basic social contradictions in class society
Basic viewpoints of historical materialism
The antagonism and struggle between classes due to the fundamental conflict of class interests.
source
material interests between classes
Conflict between socioeconomic relations
broad social revolution
A general term for the extensive and profound basic social changes caused by the basic contradictions of society
Overthrow the old system and old society and establish a new system and new society
A profound transformation of the system and mechanism will have a profound impact on social progress.
Promoting effect
Quantitative changes in the same social form
Marx’s theory of class struggle is a scientific method for understanding class society
revolution
the highest form of class struggle
Replace the old social system with a new social system
effect
Revolution is the locomotive of history
A powerful driving force for social and political progress
An important means and decisive link to realize the replacement of social form
culture
broad culture
Human social practice activities and their products
culture in narrow sense
Human spiritual production activities and their results
Culture provides ideological guidance for social development
Culture provides spiritual power for social development
Culture provides cohesive force for social development
primarily and decisively affected by economic conditions
The principle of the dialectical relationship between the two has important guiding significance for promoting social development, including social and cultural construction.
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